Alexander C S, Markowitz R
Med Care. 1986 Feb;24(2):134-47. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198602000-00005.
This article explores the relative importance of maternal employment as a determinant of pediatric care utilization using data from a 6-month longitudinal study of pediatric clinic use. This study sample (N = 167) was taken from a population of users of a pediatric ambulatory care clinic of a large urban hospital. The clinic served an inner city with a predominantly low-income, working-class population. Independent variables come from personal interviews conducted with the mothers of the preschoolers and from a 4-week health diary. Data on episodic illness care use were obtained from the children's medical records. Results indicate that children of working mothers made fewer visits to the clinic than children of housewives. Somewhat different factors were associated with clinic use for children with employed mothers as compared with children with nonemployed mothers. Findings from multivariate analyses suggested that mother's employment influenced utilization through its relationship with social support and daily stress. Work outside of the home was associated with greater social support as well as greater daily stress. Both social support and stress predicted utilization. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
本文利用一项针对儿科门诊使用情况的6个月纵向研究数据，探讨了母亲就业作为儿童医疗保健利用决定因素的相对重要性。该研究样本（N = 167）取自一家大型城市医院儿科门诊的使用者群体。该门诊服务于一个内城区，那里的人口主要是低收入工人阶级。自变量来自对学龄前儿童母亲进行的个人访谈以及一份为期4周的健康日记。关于 episodic illness care use（暂未明确准确中文术语，可理解为阶段性疾病护理使用情况）的数据来自儿童的病历。结果表明，职业母亲的孩子去诊所就诊的次数比家庭主妇的孩子少。与无业母亲的孩子相比，职业母亲的孩子使用诊所的情况受到一些不同因素的影响。多变量分析的结果表明，母亲的就业通过其与社会支持和日常压力的关系影响了医疗保健的利用。外出工作与更多的社会支持以及更大的日常压力相关。社会支持和压力都预测了医疗保健的利用情况。本文还讨论了这些研究结果对未来研究的启示。
