School of Civil Engineering, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong 226002, China.
Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Oct 12;14(10):495. doi: 10.3390/bios14100495.
Sweat is considered the most promising candidate to replace conventional blood samples for noninvasive sensing. There are many tools and optical and electrochemical methods that can be used for detecting sweat biomarkers. Electrochemical methods are known for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, they need to be optimized in terms of selectivity and catalytic activity. Therefore, electrode modifiers such as nanostructures and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or combinations of them were examined for boosting the performance of the electrochemical sensors. The MOF structures can be prepared by hydrothermal/solvothermal, sonochemical, microwave synthesis, mechanochemical, and electrochemical methods. Additionally, MOF nanostructures can be prepared by controlling the synthesis conditions or mixing bulk MOFs with nanoparticles (NPs). In this review, we spotlight the previously examined MOF-based nanostructures as well as promising ones for the electrochemical determination of sweat biomarkers. The presence of NPs strongly improves the electrical conductivity of MOF structures, which are known for their poor conductivity. Specifically, Cu-MOF and Co-MOF nanostructures were used for detecting sweat biomarkers with the lowest detection limits. Different electrochemical methods, such as amperometric, voltammetric, and photoelectrochemical, were used for monitoring the signal of sweat biomarkers. Overall, these materials are brilliant electrode modifiers for the determination of sweat biomarkers.
汗水被认为是最有前途的候选者，可以替代常规的血液样本进行非侵入式传感。有许多工具和光学及电化学方法可用于检测汗液生物标志物。电化学方法以其简单性和成本效益而闻名。然而，它们需要在选择性和催化活性方面进行优化。因此，人们研究了电极修饰剂，如纳米结构和金属有机骨架（MOFs）或它们的组合，以提高电化学传感器的性能。MOF 结构可以通过水热/溶剂热、声化学、微波合成、机械化学和电化学方法来制备。此外，还可以通过控制合成条件或混合块状 MOFs 与纳米颗粒（NPs）来制备 MOF 纳米结构。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了以前研究过的基于 MOF 的纳米结构以及电化学测定汗液生物标志物的有前途的纳米结构。纳米颗粒的存在大大提高了 MOF 结构的导电性，而 MOF 结构的导电性较差。具体来说，Cu-MOF 和 Co-MOF 纳米结构用于检测汗液生物标志物，具有最低的检测限。不同的电化学方法，如安培法、伏安法和光电化学法，被用于监测汗液生物标志物的信号。总的来说，这些材料是测定汗液生物标志物的出色电极修饰剂。
