Gaubert Fanny, Borg Céline, Saint-Martin Hélène, de Chalvron Stéphanie, Chainay Hanna
Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 69007 Lyon, France.
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
Brain Sci. 2024 Sep 30;14(10):998. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14100998.
Decision-making is a highly complex process that depends on numerous cognitive functions, such as episodic memory. It is also influenced by aging. However, how changes in episodic memory with age contribute to changes in decision-making is not clear yet. This work aimed to examine the role of two memory processes, recollection and familiarity, in decision-making in ageing. Thirty young adults and 30 older adults performed two episodic memory tasks: recognition, which allowed for the measurement of recollection and familiarity, and recall, which allowed for the measurement of recollection. In both tasks, they first viewed a series of pictures and then were asked to recognise or recall them respectively. They also performed an original scenario task based on situations inspired by everyday life, evaluating decision-making under conditions of either risk or ambiguity. In this task, participants were presented with short descriptions of situations requiring a decision and had to choose between two given options. Lower performances was observed in recall and recognition tasks in older than in young adults. In the scenarios task, young adults sought significantly more risk and ambiguity than older adults. In both young and older adults, recollection and familiarity processes were involved differently in decision-making. The former is more involved in decision-making under ambiguity, and the latter in decision-making under risk. The results suggest that decision-making changes with age, but that the involvement of the episodic memory, familiarity and recollection processes, does not appear to vary with age.
决策是一个高度复杂的过程，它依赖于众多认知功能，如情景记忆。它也受到衰老的影响。然而，情景记忆随年龄的变化如何导致决策的变化尚不清楚。这项研究旨在探讨两种记忆过程，即回忆和熟悉度，在衰老过程中决策中的作用。30名年轻成年人和30名老年人完成了两项情景记忆任务：识别任务，用于测量回忆和熟悉度；回忆任务，用于测量回忆。在这两项任务中，他们首先观看一系列图片，然后分别被要求识别或回忆这些图片。他们还基于受日常生活启发的情景执行了一项原创情景任务，评估在风险或模糊情况下的决策。在这项任务中，向参与者呈现需要做出决策的情景的简短描述，他们必须在两个给定选项之间进行选择。与年轻成年人相比，老年人在回忆和识别任务中的表现较差。在情景任务中，年轻成年人比老年人寻求更多的风险和模糊性。在年轻和老年成年人中，回忆和熟悉度过程在决策中的参与方式不同。前者在模糊情况下的决策中参与度更高，后者在风险情况下的决策中参与度更高。结果表明，决策随年龄而变化，但情景记忆、熟悉度和回忆过程的参与度似乎并不随年龄而变化。
