Laprise Madison A, Grgicak-Mannion Alice, VanLaerhoven Sherah L
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
School of the Environment, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
Insects. 2024 Oct 20;15(10):822. doi: 10.3390/insects15100822.
Geographic Information Systems provide the means to explore the spatial distribution of insect species across various land-use types to understand their relationship with shared or overlapping spatiotemporal resources. Blow fly species richness and total fly abundance were correlated among six land-use types (residential, commercial, waste, woods, roads, and agricultural crop types) and distance to streams. To generate multivariate models of species richness and total fly abundance, blow fly trapping sites were chosen across the land-use gradient of Windsor-Essex County (Ontario, Canada) using a stratified random sampling approach. Sampling occurred in mid-June (spring), late August (summer), and late October (fall). Spring species richness correlated highest to residential (-), woods (-), distance to streams (+), and tomato fields (+) in models across all three land-use buffer scale distances (0.5, 1, 2 km), with waste (+/-), roads (-), wheat/corn (-), and commercial (-) correlating at only two of the three scales. Spring total fly abundance correlated with all but one land-use variable across all buffer scale distances, but the distance to streams (+), followed by orchards/vineyards (+) exhibited the greatest importance to these models. Summer blow fly species richness correlated with roads (-) and commercial (+) across all buffer distances, whereas at two of three buffer distances wheat/corn (-), residential (+), distance to streams (+), waste (-), and orchards/vineyards (+) were also important. Summer total fly abundance correlated to models with distance to streams (+), orchards/vineyards (+), and sugar beets/other vegetables (+) at the 2 km scale. Species richness and total abundance models at the 0.5 km buffer distance exhibited the highest correlation, lowest root mean square error, and similar prediction error to those derived at larger buffer distances. This study provides baseline methods and models for future validation and expansion of species-specific knowledge regarding adult blow fly relationships with spatiotemporal resources across land-use types and landscape features.
地理信息系统提供了探索昆虫物种在不同土地利用类型间的空间分布的手段，以了解它们与共享或重叠的时空资源之间的关系。在六种土地利用类型（住宅、商业、垃圾场、树林、道路和农作物类型）以及与溪流的距离之间，丽蝇物种丰富度和蝇类总丰度存在相关性。为了生成物种丰富度和蝇类总丰度的多变量模型，采用分层随机抽样方法，在加拿大安大略省温莎 - 埃塞克斯县的土地利用梯度上选择了丽蝇诱捕地点。采样在6月中旬（春季）、8月下旬（夏季）和10月下旬（秋季）进行。在所有三种土地利用缓冲尺度距离（0.5、1、2千米）的模型中，春季物种丰富度与住宅（-）、树林（-）、与溪流的距离（+）和番茄田（+）的相关性最高，而垃圾场（+/-）、道路（-）、小麦/玉米（-）和商业用地（-）仅在三种尺度中的两种尺度上具有相关性。在所有缓冲尺度距离上，春季蝇类总丰度与除一个土地利用变量外的所有变量均相关，但与溪流的距离（+），其次是果园/葡萄园（+）对这些模型最为重要。夏季丽蝇物种丰富度在所有缓冲距离上与道路（-）和商业用地（+）相关，而在三种缓冲距离中的两种距离上，小麦/玉米（-）、住宅（+）、与溪流的距离（+）、垃圾场（-）和果园/葡萄园（+）也很重要。夏季蝇类总丰度在2千米尺度上与与溪流的距离（+）、果园/葡萄园（+）和甜菜/其他蔬菜（+）的模型相关。在0.5千米缓冲距离处的物种丰富度和总丰度模型与在较大缓冲距离处得出的模型相比，具有最高的相关性、最低的均方根误差和相似的预测误差。本研究为未来验证和扩展关于成年丽蝇与不同土地利用类型和景观特征的时空资源之间关系的物种特异性知识提供了基线方法和模型。
