Bruschetta Giuseppe, Bionda Arianna, Giunta Renato Paolo, Costa Giovanna Lucrezia, Fazio Esterina, Licata Patrizia, Bruno Fabio
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2024 Oct 2;11(10):471. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11100471.
Cattle productivity, whether in terms of meat yield or milk production, is intricately regulated by a multitude of factors. Among them, hormone concentrations play a significant role, reflecting the complex interplay between endocrine regulation and physiological processes that ultimately determine the efficiency and yield of production. High concentrations of 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT) are associated with a reduced metabolic load at the onset of lactation and a lower milk yield. Thyroid hormones (THs) and cortisol also affect several metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess if milk or meat aptitudes and age influence circulating 5-HT, THs, and cortisol concentrations, investigating the possible interactions among these parameters. The research was performed on 46 healthy cows of three different breeds. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used to quantify circulating 5-HT and cortisol concentrations, and an immunochemiluminescent analyzer was used for THs. For parameters exhibiting non-normal distributions, an ANCOVA model using age, aptitude, and their interaction as fixed factors was applied. Significant lower T3 concentrations were recorded in dairy cows than in meat cows. Moreover, T4 significantly decreased with advancing age both in cows aimed at milk and meat production. Lastly, T4 was positively correlated with T3 and 5-HT in meat production-oriented cows.
牛的生产力，无论是从肉产量还是牛奶产量来看，都受到多种因素的复杂调节。其中，激素浓度起着重要作用，反映了内分泌调节与生理过程之间的复杂相互作用，最终决定了生产效率和产量。高浓度的5-羟色胺（5-HT）与泌乳开始时代谢负荷降低和牛奶产量降低有关。甲状腺激素（THs）和皮质醇也会影响多种代谢途径，包括碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质代谢。本研究的目的是评估牛奶或肉类生产能力以及年龄是否会影响循环中的5-HT、THs和皮质醇浓度，并研究这些参数之间可能的相互作用。该研究对46头三种不同品种的健康奶牛进行。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法定量循环中的5-HT和皮质醇浓度，使用免疫化学发光分析仪检测THs。对于呈现非正态分布的参数，应用以年龄、生产能力及其相互作用作为固定因素的协方差分析模型。结果显示，奶牛的T3浓度显著低于肉牛。此外，无论是以产奶还是产肉为目标的奶牛，T4浓度都随着年龄的增长而显著降低。最后，在以产肉为导向的奶牛中，T4与T3和5-HT呈正相关。
