Costa Giovanna Lucrezia, Tabbì Marco, Bruschetta Giuseppe, Spadola Filippo, Leonardi Fabio, Bruno Fabio, Iannelli Nicola Maria, Licata Patrizia, Macrì Francesco, Passino Eraldo Sanna, Macrì Daniele, Interlandi Claudia
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 17;11:1505398. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1505398. eCollection 2024.
The study aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of tapentadol in horses, by determining plasma serotonin concentration and adrenocortical response, as biomarkers of pain stress in chronic joint disorders. Thirty-six horses (20 females and 16 males) were divided into three groups of 12 subjects each: group A, osteoarthritis (OA), grade 3-4 lameness; group B, OA, grade 5 lameness; and group C, no OA, no lameness, were enrolled. The orthopedic examination included flexion tests, and radiological and ultrasound examinations. The degree of lameness has been estimated from 0 to 5 according to the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEPs). Heart and respiratory rates (HR and RR) and blood pressure were recorded. Serotonin concentration and circulating cortisol levels were determined at baseline and the end of every week for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters were recorded at baseline and the end of treatment with tapentadol. Subjects with OA were treated with tapentadol 0.5 mg kg. The response to painful stimulus on flexion tests was evaluated using the modified numeric pain rating scale (modified NRS 0-7) from baseline and the cumulative pain score (CPS 0-4) after the first week of treatment with tapentadol. The lameness decreased throughout the timeline in both groups (score from 3-4 to 1 in group A and score from 5 to 1 in group B) ( < 0.05). The NRS score decreased throughout the timeline ( < 0.05), from mild pain to no pain in group A (score 1-3 to 0) and from moderate pain to no pain in group B (score from 4 to 0). Physiological variables remained within the physiological range throughout the timeline. Cumulative pain scores ranged from 0.5 to 4 in group A and 1.5 to 7 in group B ( = 0.008). Serotonin concentrations remained unchanged throughout the timeline in all groups ( = 1.000) but in the OA groups, the concentrations were lower than control ( < 0.001). Circulating cortisol levels were reduced compared to baseline in subjects treated with tapentadol ( < 0.001). Tapentadol is effective in OA pain management in horses. Serotonin and cortisol may be utilized as biomarkers in the pain stress response. Serotonin can also determine the state of wellbeing of patients.
本研究旨在通过测定血浆5-羟色胺浓度和肾上腺皮质反应，评估曲马多对马的镇痛效果，将其作为慢性关节疾病疼痛应激的生物标志物。36匹马（20匹雌性和16匹雄性）被分为三组，每组12匹：A组，骨关节炎（OA），3-4级跛行；B组，OA，5级跛行；C组，无OA，无跛行。骨科检查包括屈曲试验、放射学和超声检查。根据美国马医协会（AAEP）的标准，跛行程度从0到5进行评估。记录心率、呼吸频率（HR和RR）以及血压。在基线和4周内每周结束时测定5-羟色胺浓度和循环皮质醇水平。在基线和曲马多治疗结束时记录生化参数。OA组的受试动物接受0.5 mg/kg曲马多治疗。使用改良数字疼痛评分量表（改良NRS 0-7）从基线评估屈曲试验中对疼痛刺激的反应，并在曲马多治疗第一周后评估累积疼痛评分（CPS 0-4）。两组的跛行在整个时间线内均有所减轻（A组评分从3-4降至1，B组评分从5降至1）（P<0.05）。NRS评分在整个时间线内下降（P<0.05），A组从轻度疼痛降至无疼痛（评分从1-3降至0），B组从中度疼痛降至无疼痛（评分从4降至0）。生理变量在整个时间线内均保持在生理范围内。A组的累积疼痛评分范围为0.5至4，B组为1.5至7（P=0.008）。所有组的5-羟色胺浓度在整个时间线内均保持不变（P=1.000），但在OA组中，其浓度低于对照组（P<0.001）。与基线相比，接受曲马多治疗的受试动物循环皮质醇水平降低（P<0.001）。曲马多对马的OA疼痛管理有效。5-羟色胺和皮质醇可作为疼痛应激反应的生物标志物。5-羟色胺还可确定患者的健康状况。
