Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760, Måløv, Denmark.
Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmannstr. 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Oct 25;108(1):495. doi: 10.1007/s00253-024-13328-7.
Many industrial processes are performed using harmful chemicals. The current technical synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids relies on acyl chlorides, which are typically obtained from phosgene chemistry. A greener alternative is the application of whole cells or enzymes to carry out synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner. Aminoacylases belong to the hydrolase family and the resolution of racemic mixtures of N-acetyl-amino acids is a well-known industrial process. Several new enzymes accepting long-chain fatty acids as substrates were discovered in recent years. This article reviews the synthetic potential of aminoacylases to produce biobased N-acyl-amino acid surfactants. The focus lays on a survey of the different types of aminoacylases available for synthesis and their reaction products. The enzymes are categorized according to their protein family classification and their biochemical characteristics including substrate spectra, reaction optima and process stability, both in hydrolysis and under process conditions suitable for synthesis. Finally, the benefits and future challenges of enzymatic N-acyl-amino acid synthesis with aminoacylases will be discussed. KEY POINTS: • Enzymatic synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids, biobased surfactants by aminoacylases.
许多工业过程都使用有害化学品。目前 N-酰基-氨基酸的技术合成依赖于酰氯，而酰氯通常是从光气化学中获得的。一种更环保的替代方法是应用全细胞或酶以环保的方式进行合成。氨酰基酶属于水解酶家族，对映体混合物的拆分 N-乙酰-氨基酸是一种众所周知的工业过程。近年来，发现了几种可接受长链脂肪酸作为底物的新型酶。本文综述了氨酰基酶在生产生物基 N-酰基-氨基酸表面活性剂方面的合成潜力。重点介绍了可用于合成的不同类型的氨酰基酶及其反应产物。这些酶根据其蛋白质家族分类和生化特性进行分类，包括底物谱、反应最佳条件和过程稳定性，无论是在水解过程中还是在适合合成的过程条件下。最后，将讨论酶法 N-酰基-氨基酸合成的优点和未来的挑战。关键点：• 通过氨酰基酶合成 N-酰基-氨基酸，生物基表面活性剂。
