Tebeka Sarah, Coste Joël, Makovski Tatjana T, Alleaume Caroline, Delpierre Cyrille, Gallay Anne, Pignon Baptiste, Gouraud Clément, Ouazana Vedrines Charles, Pitron Victor, Robineau Olivier, Steichen Olivier, Lemogne Cédric
Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Sante Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Team 1, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, F-92700 Colombes, France.
Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Sante Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France.
J Psychosom Res. 2024 Dec;187:111961. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111961. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
Depressive symptoms may overlap with those of long COVID. This cross-sectional study aims to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 with versus without long COVID and to explore specific associations with each of the nine core symptoms of major depression.
Data regarding age, gender, SARS-CoV-2 infections, current symptoms, their date of onset, impact on daily functioning, and consideration of alternative diagnoses were collected through phone interviews between September and December 2022 in a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥18. Data on chronic health conditions and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) were collected online in infected participants with or without long COVID, according to the WHO definition of the post-COVID-19 condition.
Among 1247 participants (mean age (SD): 48.3 (14.3) years, 53.3 % of women), 12.8 % had long COVID and 87.2 % experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 3 months prior to the survey without long COVID. Participant with long COVID were four-fold more likely to have a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 than those without (44.0 % versus 11.1 %). Three symptoms out of nine were independently associated with long COVID: little interest or pleasure (aOR [95 % CI]: 2.01 [1.03-3.92]), feeling tired or having little energy (1.92 [1.10-3.33]), and poor attention/concentration (2.02 [1.03-3.96]).
Clinicians should screen patients with long COVID for major depression but associations with specific depressive symptoms suggest some clinical overlap. Future studies should consider the course of each depressive symptom separately and focus on those less prone to overlap with symptoms of long COVID.
抑郁症状可能与新冠长期症状重叠。本横断面研究旨在比较感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）且有与无新冠长期症状个体的抑郁症状患病率，并探讨与重度抑郁症九种核心症状各自的具体关联。
2022年9月至12月期间，通过电话访谈在一个全国代表性的18岁及以上成年人样本中收集了有关年龄、性别、SARS-CoV-2感染情况、当前症状、症状发作日期、对日常功能的影响以及替代诊断考虑等数据。根据世界卫生组织对新冠后状况的定义，在有或无新冠长期症状的感染参与者中通过在线方式收集了慢性健康状况和抑郁症状（患者健康问卷-9，PHQ-9）的数据。
在1247名参与者中（平均年龄（标准差）：48.3（14.3）岁，53.3%为女性），12.8%有新冠长期症状，87.2%在调查前至少3个月经历过SARS-CoV-2感染但无新冠长期症状。有新冠长期症状的参与者PHQ-9得分≥10的可能性是无新冠长期症状参与者的四倍（44.0%对11.1%）。九种症状中有三种与新冠长期症状独立相关：兴趣或愉悦感缺失（调整后比值比[aOR][95%置信区间]：2.01[1.03 - 3.92]）、感到疲倦或精力不足（1.92[1.10 - 3.33]）以及注意力/集中力差（2.02[1.03 - 3.96]）。
临床医生应对有新冠长期症状的患者进行重度抑郁症筛查，但与特定抑郁症状的关联表明存在一些临床重叠。未来研究应分别考虑每种抑郁症状的病程，并关注那些不太容易与新冠长期症状重叠的症状。
