Copel J A, Scioscia A, Grannum P A, Romero R, Reece E A, Hobbins J C
Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Feb;67(2):288-90. doi: 10.1097/00006250-198602000-00025.
As the use of Rhesus immune globulin has decreased the incidence of Rh sensitization, other red blood cell antigen systems have become relatively more common. The most common of these is the Kell antigen, which often produces unexpectedly severe fetal disease. High-resolution ultrasound was used to guide in the sampling of fetal blood directly from the umbilical cord as an aid in the management of these patients.
由于使用恒河猴免疫球蛋白降低了Rh致敏的发生率，其他红细胞抗原系统相对变得更为常见。其中最常见的是凯尔抗原，它常常引发意外严重的胎儿疾病。高分辨率超声被用于引导直接从脐带采集胎儿血液，以辅助这些患者的治疗。
