Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 109028 Moscow, Russia.
State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
Biomolecules. 2024 Oct 11;14(10):1283. doi: 10.3390/biom14101283.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability among young and middle-aged individuals. Adequate and timely diagnosis of primary brain injuries, as well as the prompt prevention and treatment of secondary injury mechanisms, significantly determine the potential for reducing mortality and severe disabling consequences. Therefore, it is crucial to have objective markers that indicate the severity of the injury. A number of molecular factors-proteins and metabolites-detected in the blood immediately after trauma and associated with the development and severity of TBI can serve in this role. TBI is a heterogeneous condition with respect to its etiology, clinical form, and genesis, being accompanied by brain cell damage and disruption of blood-brain barrier permeability. Two oppositely directed flows of substances and signals are observed: one is the flow of metabolites, proteins, and nucleic acids from damaged brain cells into the bloodstream through the damaged blood-brain barrier; the other is the infiltration of immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and serological proteins. Both flows aggravate brain tissue damage after TBI. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the key signaling events that regulate these flows and repair the damaged tissues, as well as to enhance the effectiveness of treatments for patients after TBI.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是导致中青年人群死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。充分和及时地诊断原发性脑损伤，以及及时预防和治疗继发性损伤机制，显著决定了降低死亡率和严重致残后果的可能性。因此，拥有能够指示损伤严重程度的客观标志物非常重要。在创伤后立即检测到的血液中的一些分子因素-蛋白质和代谢物-与 TBI 的发展和严重程度有关，可以发挥这种作用。TBI 在病因、临床形式和发病机制方面具有异质性，伴随着脑细胞损伤和血脑屏障通透性的破坏。观察到两种相反方向的物质和信号流：一种是代谢物、蛋白质和核酸从受损脑细胞通过受损的血脑屏障进入血液的流动；另一种是免疫细胞（中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞）和血清蛋白的渗透。这两种流动都会加重 TBI 后的脑组织损伤。因此，研究调节这些流动和修复受损组织的关键信号事件，以及提高 TBI 患者治疗的效果，是极其重要的。
