Zhao Zi-Ai, Yan Lingli, Wen Jing, Satyanarayanan Senthil Kumaran, Yu Feng, Lu Jiahong, Liu Yong U, Su Huanxing
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83# Wen-Hua Road, Shenyang 110840, China.
Burns Trauma. 2023 Sep 4;11:tkad033. doi: 10.1093/burnst/tkad033. eCollection 2023.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts normal brain function and is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates. TBI is characterized as mild, moderate or severe depending on its severity. The damage may be transient and limited to the dura matter, with only subtle changes in cerebral parenchyma, or life-threatening with obvious focal contusions, hematomas and edema. Blood vessels are often injured in TBI. Even in mild TBI, dysfunctional cerebral vascular repair may result in prolonged symptoms and poor outcomes. Various distinct types of cells participate in vascular repair after TBI. A better understanding of the cellular response and function in vascular repair can facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we analyzed the mechanism of cerebrovascular impairment and the repercussions following various forms of TBI. We then discussed the role of distinct cell types in the repair of meningeal and parenchyma vasculature following TBI, including endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, pericytes, glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), neurons, myeloid cells (macrophages and monocytes) and meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells. Finally, possible treatment techniques targeting these unique cell types for vascular repair after TBI are discussed.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）会破坏正常脑功能，并伴有高发病率和死亡率。根据严重程度，TBI可分为轻度、中度或重度。损伤可能是短暂的，仅限于硬脑膜，脑实质仅有细微变化，也可能危及生命，伴有明显的局灶性挫伤、血肿和水肿。TBI中血管常受损。即使在轻度TBI中，脑血管修复功能障碍也可能导致症状持续时间延长和预后不良。TBI后，多种不同类型的细胞参与血管修复。更好地了解血管修复中的细胞反应和功能有助于开发新的治疗策略。在本综述中，我们分析了各种形式TBI后脑血管损伤的机制及其后果。然后，我们讨论了不同细胞类型在TBI后脑膜和实质血管系统修复中的作用，包括内皮细胞、内皮祖细胞、周细胞、神经胶质细胞（星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）、神经元、髓样细胞（巨噬细胞和单核细胞）以及脑膜淋巴管内皮细胞。最后，讨论了针对这些独特细胞类型进行TBI后血管修复的可能治疗技术。
