Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 11;25(20):10932. doi: 10.3390/ijms252010932.
As we age, we lose muscle strength and power, a condition commonly referred to as sarcopenia (ICD-10-CM code (M62.84)). The prevalence of sarcopenia is about 5-10% of the elderly population, resulting in varying degrees of disability. In this review we emphasise that sarcopenia does not occur suddenly. It is an aging-induced deterioration that occurs over time and is only recognised as a disease when it manifests clinically in the 6th-7th decade of life. Evidence from animal studies, elite athletes and longitudinal population studies all confirms that the underlying process has been ongoing for decades once sarcopenia has manifested. We present hypotheses about the mechanism(s) underlying this process and their supporting evidence. We briefly review various proposals to impede sarcopenia, including cell therapy, reducing senescent cells and their secretome, utilising targets revealed by the skeletal muscle secretome, and muscle innervation. We conclude that although there are potential candidates and ongoing preclinical and clinical trials with drug treatments, the only evidence-based intervention today for humans is exercise. We present different exercise programmes and discuss to what extent the interindividual susceptibility to developing sarcopenia is due to our genetic predisposition or lifestyle factors.
随着年龄的增长，我们会失去肌肉力量和功能，这种情况通常被称为肌肉减少症（ICD-10-CM 编码（M62.84））。肌肉减少症在老年人群中的患病率约为 5-10%，导致不同程度的残疾。在这篇综述中，我们强调肌肉减少症并非突然发生。它是一种随时间推移而发生的衰老引起的恶化，只有在 60-70 岁时在临床上表现出来时才被认为是一种疾病。来自动物研究、精英运动员和纵向人群研究的证据都证实，一旦肌肉减少症表现出来，其潜在的过程已经持续了几十年。我们提出了关于该过程的机制及其支持证据的假设。我们简要回顾了各种阻止肌肉减少症的建议，包括细胞治疗、减少衰老细胞及其分泌组、利用骨骼肌分泌组揭示的靶点，以及肌肉神经支配。我们得出结论，尽管有潜在的候选药物和正在进行的临床前和临床试验，但目前针对人类的唯一循证干预措施是运动。我们提出了不同的运动方案，并讨论了个体易患肌肉减少症的程度是由于遗传倾向还是生活方式因素。
