Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 17;25(20):11167. doi: 10.3390/ijms252011167.
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling platforms that control the inflammatory response and coordinate antimicrobial defense. In the present study, the distribution of NLR, Caspase-1, and gasdermin (GSDM) homologues and their structural characteristics and evolutionary relationships were systematically analyzed in metazoa according to the genomes of species. In invertebrates, there were only NLRC and/or NLRD presented from sponge to amphioxus, and according to the evolutionary tree, NLR from sponge located in the most primitive position. Caspase-1 existed in some metazoan phyla (Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Annelia, Nematoda, Platyelminthes, Coelenterate, and Porifera) and its activation sites were relatively conserved. The amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures of N-terminal CARD/Death domain of NLR and Caspase-1 were similar in species from sponge to human. NLR and Caspase-1 co-existed in species of Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Annelia, Coelenterate, and Porifera. There was only GSDME or PJVK found in some phyla of invertebrates and their cleavage sites were conserved (DxxD). And it was predicted that the NLR inflammasome in inducing pyroptosis could occur in species of Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Annelia, and Coelenterate. These studies indicated that NLR inflammasome emerged early in sponges of metazoa, and NLR inflammasome in inducing pyroptosis first appeared in Coelenterate, suggesting that inflammasome and its mediated pyroptosis had existed in the early stage of metazoa, but they had been lost in many species during evolution.
核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）样受体（NLR）炎性小体是多蛋白信号平台，可控制炎症反应并协调抗菌防御。在本研究中，根据物种基因组，系统分析后生动物中 NLR、Caspase-1 和 Gasdermin（GSDM）同源物的分布及其结构特征和进化关系。在无脊椎动物中，从海绵到文昌鱼只存在 NLRC 和/或 NLRD，根据进化树，海绵中的 NLR 位于最原始的位置。Caspase-1 存在于一些后生动物门（腕足动物门、外肛动物门、节肢动物门、软体动物门、Annelia、线虫动物门、扁形动物门、腔肠动物门和多孔动物门）中，其激活位点相对保守。从海绵到人类，NLR 和 Caspase-1 的 N 端 CARD/死亡结构域的氨基酸序列和三维结构相似。NLR 和 Caspase-1 共存于腕足动物门、软体动物门、Annelia、腔肠动物门和多孔动物门的物种中。只有在一些无脊椎动物门的物种中发现了 GSDME 或 PJVK，其裂解位点保守（DxxD）。并且预测在腕足动物门、软体动物门、Annelia 和腔肠动物门的物种中，NLR 炎性小体可诱导细胞焦亡。这些研究表明，NLR 炎性小体在后生动物的海绵中很早就出现了，并且诱导细胞焦亡的 NLR 炎性小体首先出现在腔肠动物中，这表明炎性小体及其介导的细胞焦亡存在于后生动物的早期阶段，但在进化过程中，它们已在许多物种中丢失。
