Lovallo W R, Pincomb G A, Edwards G L, Brackett D J, Wilson M F
Psychosom Med. 1986 Jan-Feb;48(1-2):125-33. doi: 10.1097/00006842-198601000-00011.
The psychologic and physiologic effects of variations in occupational stress on Type A (coronary-prone) and Type B men have not previously been examined. Accordingly, 58 male medical students in two successive first-year classes (32 As, 26 Bs defined by interview) were tested for mood states, perception of work pressure, and for pituitary-adrenal and cardiovascular function during a period of minimal work pressure (no exams for 1 week) and during maximal work pressure (final exam week). All observations were made at the beginning of the school day, while the students were studying course material in the building where classes were held and study modules were located. Perceived stress and self-ratings of dysphoric moods increased significantly (ps less than 0.0005) for both groups during exams compared to no exams. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly (+20%) from no exams to exams for both As and Bs. Heart rate increased significantly to exams (+8%) and did so slightly more for As (+9%) than for Bs (+7%), with As showing significantly higher rates in the work setting at both times. Systolic blood pressure increased nonsignificantly for both groups. The effect of the higher heart rate and the slight systolic blood pressure rise produced a significantly greater rate-pressure product for As than for Bs at both exams and no exams (p less than 0.005), with As showing a larger rise to exams than did Bs (+11% vs. +8%). Results indicate that the As had a higher level of tonic cardiovascular activation in the work place than the Bs, and that this was additive with the effects of increased work pressure.
职业压力变化对A型（易患冠心病）和B型男性的心理和生理影响此前尚未得到研究。因此，对连续两个一年级班级的58名男医学生（通过访谈确定32名A型、26名B型）在工作压力最小期间（1周无考试）和工作压力最大期间（期末考试周）进行了情绪状态、工作压力感知以及垂体 - 肾上腺和心血管功能测试。所有观察均在学校日开始时进行，此时学生们正在上课和学习模块所在的大楼里学习课程材料。与无考试期间相比，两组学生在考试期间感知到的压力和烦躁情绪的自我评分均显著增加（p值小于0.0005）。从无考试到考试期间，A型和B型学生的血浆皮质醇浓度均显著增加（+20%）。心率在考试期间显著增加（+8%），A型学生增加幅度（+9%）略大于B型学生（+7%），且在两个时间段的工作环境中，A型学生的心率均显著更高。两组的收缩压均无显著升高。在考试和无考试期间，A型学生较高的心率和轻微的收缩压升高所产生的速率 - 压力乘积均显著大于B型学生（p值小于0.005），且A型学生考试期间的升高幅度大于B型学生（+11%对+8%）。结果表明，在工作场所，A型学生的心血管紧张性激活水平高于B型学生，且这与工作压力增加的影响叠加。
