Kapel-Reguła Aleksandra, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz Justyna, Rybińska Anna, Duś-Ilnicka Irena, Radwan-Oczko Małgorzata
Private Dental Practice AL-DENTA, 48-303 Nysa, Poland.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 55-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2024 Oct 8;12(10):2277. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12102277.
MS patients experience gradual and progressive functional limitation, bulbar symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and psychiatric disorders that can impinge on oral status. This study aimed to investigate the oral state, oral hygiene habits, and salivary cortisol levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to healthy controls. It also evaluated systemic parameters: disease duration, type of Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT), disability score, professional activity, and smoking in the study group. This study included 101 patients (71 women and 30 men, aged 16-71 years) and 51 healthy volunteers (36 women and 15 men, aged 28-82 years). The oral examination assessed the number of teeth, type and number of dental fillings and prosthetic restoration, oral hygiene state, and salivary cortisol. It was found that MS patients had significantly more professional activity, swallowing problems, pronunciation issues, dry mouth, and taste disturbances than the control group. They brushed their teeth twice daily significantly less often. The API was higher, while the SBI was lower in MS patients. Disease duration positively correlated with age and number of missing teeth. The Expanded Disability Status Scale positively correlated with age, disease duration, number of missing teeth, number of composite fillings, and right and left-hand Nine Hole Peg test scores, and negatively correlated with the Sulcus Bleeding Index. Salivary cortisol levels did not differ between groups and correlated only with the disability scale. MS patients require ongoing dental care and preventive measures to manage both general and oral health symptoms effectively.
多发性硬化症（MS）患者会经历逐渐且进行性的功能受限、延髓症状、认知功能障碍以及可能影响口腔状况的精神障碍。本研究旨在调查复发缓解型多发性硬化症（RRMS）患者与健康对照者相比的口腔状况、口腔卫生习惯和唾液皮质醇水平。研究还评估了全身参数：病程、疾病修正治疗（DMT）类型、残疾评分、职业活动以及研究组中的吸烟情况。本研究纳入了101例患者（71名女性和30名男性，年龄16 - 71岁）和51名健康志愿者（36名女性和15名男性，年龄28 - 82岁）。口腔检查评估了牙齿数量、补牙和修复体的类型及数量、口腔卫生状况和唾液皮质醇。结果发现，与对照组相比，MS患者的职业活动更多，存在吞咽问题、发音问题、口干和味觉障碍。他们每天刷牙两次的频率明显更低。MS患者的菌斑指数（API）更高，而龈沟出血指数（SBI）更低。病程与年龄和缺失牙数量呈正相关。扩展残疾状态量表与年龄、病程、缺失牙数量、复合补牙数量以及左右手九点指鼻试验得分呈正相关，与龈沟出血指数呈负相关。两组间唾液皮质醇水平无差异，且仅与残疾量表相关。MS患者需要持续的牙科护理和预防措施，以有效管理全身和口腔健康症状。
