Inoculation with as a Strategy to Reduce Nitrogen Fertilization in Cultivating Purple Maize ( L.) in the Inter-Andean Valleys of Peru.

Purple maize has gained global significance due to its numerous nutraceutical benefits. However, sustaining its production typically requires high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which, when applied in excess, can contaminate vital resources such as soil and water. Inoculation with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, such as those from the genus, has emerged as an alternative to partially or fully replace nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect with and varying nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and quality of purple maize. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement and five replications. Treatments comprised two inoculation levels (control without inoculation and inoculation with ) under five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg∙ha, applied as urea). Inoculation with resulted in a 10.5% increase in plant height, a 16.7% increase in root length, a 21.3% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, a 30.1% increase in root fresh biomass, and a 27.7% increase in leaf nitrogen concentration compared to the non-inoculated control. Regarding yield, the inoculated plants surpassed the control in both purple maize yield (kg∙ha) and cob weight by 21.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Across all fertilization levels and parameters assessed, the inoculated treatments outperformed the control. Furthermore, for parameters, namely plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and cob dimensions (length, diameter, and weight), the inoculation treatment with 90 kg N∙ha was statistically equivalent or superior to the non-inoculated control with 120 kg N∙ha. These results indicate that inoculation with positively impacted purple maize at all nitrogen levels tested and improved nitrogen use efficiency, enabling a reduction of 30 kg N∙ha without compromising performance in key parameters.