Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Türkiye.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Türkiye.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 17;16(20):3519. doi: 10.3390/nu16203519.
Human breast milk is a complex biological fluid containing multifaceted biological compounds that boost immune and metabolic system development that support the short- and long-term health of newborns. Recent literature suggests that human breast milk is a substantial source of nutrients, bioactive molecules, and exosomes. This review examines the factors influencing exosomes noted in human milk and the impacts of exosomes on infant health. Furthermore, it discusses potential future prospects for exosome research in dietetics. Through a narrative review of the existing literature, we focused on exosomes in breast milk, exosome components and their potential impact on exosome health. Exosomes are single-membrane extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, with an approximate radius of 20-200 nm. They are natural messengers that cells secrete to transport a wide range of diverse cargoes, including deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, proteins, and lipids between various cells. Some studies have reported that the components noted in exosomes in human breast milk could be transferred to the infant and cause epigenetic changes. Thus, it can affect gene expression and cellular event regulation in several tissues. In this manner, exosomes are associated with several pathways, including the immune system, oxidative stress, and cell cycle, and they can affect the short- and long-term health of infants. However, there is still much to learn about the functions, effectiveness, and certain impacts on the health of human breast milk exosomes.
人乳是一种复杂的生物流体，含有多种生物化合物，可促进免疫和代谢系统的发育，支持新生儿的短期和长期健康。最近的文献表明，人乳是营养物质、生物活性分子和外泌体的重要来源。 本综述探讨了人乳中影响外泌体的因素以及外泌体对婴儿健康的影响。此外，还讨论了外泌体在营养学研究中的潜在未来前景。 通过对现有文献的叙述性综述，我们专注于人乳中的外泌体、外泌体成分及其对健康的潜在影响。 外泌体是源自内体的具有单膜的细胞外囊泡，半径约为 20-200nm。它们是细胞分泌的天然信使，可在各种细胞之间运输广泛的不同货物，包括脱氧核糖核酸、核糖核酸、蛋白质和脂质。一些研究报告称，人乳中外泌体中的成分可能会转移到婴儿体内并引起表观遗传变化。因此，它可以影响几个组织中的基因表达和细胞事件调节。 因此，外泌体与包括免疫系统、氧化应激和细胞周期在内的多个途径相关联，它们可以影响婴儿的短期和长期健康。然而，关于人乳外泌体的功能、有效性以及对健康的某些影响，仍有许多需要了解的地方。
