Lorraine Protein Biochemistry Group, Graduate Program in Neurology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil.
Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-250, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 18;16(20):3538. doi: 10.3390/nu16203538.
Exercise can be used as a model to understand immunometabolism. Biological data on elite athletes are limited, especially for female athletes, including relevant data on acute-phase proteins and amino acid metabolism.
We analyzed acute-phase proteins and amino acids collected at South American, Pan-American, and Olympic Games for 16 Olympic sports. We compared female and male elite athletes (447 vs. 990 samples) across four states (fasting, pre-exercise, post-exercise, and resting) to understand sex-specific immunometabolic responses in elite athletes.
Considering all states and sports, we found that elite female athletes exhibited higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, myeloperoxidase, haptoglobin, and IGF1, with ratios ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 ( < 0.001). Women exhibited lower concentrations of most amino acids, except for glutamate and alanine. Although almost 30% lower in women, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) showed a similar pattern in all states (ρ ≥ 0.9; < 0.001), while aromatic amino acids (AAAs) showed higher consumption during exercise in women.
We established sex dimorphism in elite athletes' metabolic and inflammatory responses during training and competition. Our data suggest that female athletes present a lower amino acid response towards central fatigue development than male athletes. Understanding these differences can lead to insights into sex-related immuno-metabolic responses in sports or other inflammatory conditions.
运动可作为理解免疫代谢的模型。有关精英运动员的生物学数据有限，尤其是女性运动员，包括急性期蛋白和氨基酸代谢的相关数据。
我们分析了在南美、泛美和奥运会上采集的 16 项奥运运动的急性期蛋白和氨基酸数据。我们比较了女性和男性精英运动员（447 个和 990 个样本）在四个状态（空腹、运动前、运动后和休息时）的差异，以了解精英运动员的性别特异性免疫代谢反应。
考虑所有状态和运动，我们发现女性精英运动员表现出更高浓度的 C 反应蛋白、脂多糖结合蛋白、髓过氧化物酶、触珠蛋白和 IGF1，比值范围为 1.2 至 2.0（<0.001）。除了谷氨酸和丙氨酸外，女性的大多数氨基酸浓度较低。尽管女性的浓度低近 30%，但支链氨基酸（BCAA）在所有状态下均呈现相似模式（ρ≥0.9；<0.001），而芳香族氨基酸（AAA）在女性运动中表现出更高的消耗。
我们在训练和比赛期间建立了精英运动员代谢和炎症反应的性别二态性。我们的数据表明，女性运动员对中枢疲劳发展的氨基酸反应低于男性运动员。了解这些差异可以深入了解运动或其他炎症状态下与性别相关的免疫代谢反应。
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