Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.
Diabetes. 2024 Jan 1;73(1):23-37. doi: 10.2337/db23-0142.
We investigated the link between enhancement of SI (by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) and muscle metabolites after 12 weeks of aerobic (high-intensity interval training [HIIT]), resistance training (RT), or combined training (CT) exercise in 52 lean healthy individuals. Muscle RNA sequencing revealed a significant association between SI after both HIIT and RT and the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolic pathway. Concurrently with increased expression and activity of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme, many muscle amino metabolites, including BCAAs, glutamate, phenylalanine, aspartate, asparagine, methionine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, increased with HIIT, supporting the substantial impact of HIIT on amino acid metabolism. Short-chain C3 and C5 acylcarnitines were reduced in muscle with all three training modes, but unlike RT, both HIIT and CT increased tricarboxylic acid metabolites and cardiolipins, supporting greater mitochondrial activity with aerobic training. Conversely, RT and CT increased more plasma membrane phospholipids than HIIT, suggesting a resistance exercise effect on cellular membrane protection against environmental damage. Sex and age contributed modestly to the exercise-induced changes in metabolites and their association with cardiometabolic parameters. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggest various clusters of genes and metabolites are involved in distinct effects of HIIT, RT, and CT. These distinct metabolic signatures of different exercise modes independently link each type of exercise training to improved SI and cardiometabolic risk.
We aimed to understand the link between skeletal muscle metabolites and cardiometabolic health after exercise training. Although aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training each enhance muscle insulin sensitivity as well as other cardiometabolic parameters, they disparately alter amino and citric acid metabolites as well as the lipidome, linking these metabolomic changes independently to the improvement of cardiometabolic risks with each exercise training mode. These findings reveal an important layer of the unique exercise mode-dependent changes in muscle metabolism, which may eventually lead to more informed exercise prescription for improving SI.
研究在 52 名瘦健康个体中，12 周有氧运动（高强度间歇训练[HIIT]）、抗阻训练（RT）或混合训练（CT）后，SI 增强（通过高胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹）与肌肉代谢物之间的关系。肌肉 RNA 测序显示，HIIT 和 RT 后 SI 与支链氨基酸（BCAA）代谢途径之间存在显著关联。同时，支链酮酸脱氢酶的表达和活性增加，许多肌肉氨基酸代谢物，包括支链氨基酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、蛋氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸，随着 HIIT 而增加，支持 HIIT 对氨基酸代谢的重大影响。三种训练模式均降低了肌肉中的短链 C3 和 C5 酰基辅酶 A，但与 RT 不同，HIIT 和 CT 均增加了三羧酸代谢物和心磷脂，支持有氧训练对线粒体活性的影响更大。相反，RT 和 CT 增加的血浆膜磷脂比 HIIT 多，表明 RT 和 CT 对细胞膜有保护作用，可防止细胞受到环境损伤。性别和年龄对代谢物的运动诱导变化及其与心血管代谢参数的关联有一定的影响。综合转录组学和代谢组学分析表明，不同的基因和代谢物簇参与了 HIIT、RT 和 CT 的不同作用。不同运动模式的这些独特代谢特征独立地将每种运动训练与改善 SI 和心血管代谢风险联系起来。
