Hu Yixuan, Huang Xin, Xiao Qinglai, Wu Xuan, Tian Qi, Ma Wenyi, Shoaib Noman, Liu Yajie, Zhao Hui, Feng Zongyun, Yu Guowu
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Oct 15;13(20):2891. doi: 10.3390/plants13202891.
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a widely distributed neurotransmitter in living organisms, known for its inhibitory role in animals. GABA exerts calming effects on the mind, lowers blood pressure in animals, and enhances stress resistance during the growth and development of plants. Enhancing GABA content in plants has become a focal point of current research. In plants, GABA is synthesized through two metabolic pathways, the GABA shunt and the polyamine degradation pathway, with the GABA shunt being the primary route. Extensive studies have investigated the regulatory mechanisms governing GABA synthesis. At the genetic level, GABA production and degradation can be modulated by gene overexpression, signaling molecule-induced expression, transcription factor regulation, and RNA interference. Additionally, at the level of transporter proteins, increased activity of GABA transporters and proline transporters enhances the transport of glutamate and GABA. The activity of glutamate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in GABA synthesis, along with various external factors, also influences GABA synthesis. This paper summarizes the biological functions, metabolic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of GABA, providing a theoretical foundation for further research on GABA in plants.
γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）是生物体内广泛分布的神经递质，以其在动物体内的抑制作用而闻名。GABA对大脑有镇静作用，可降低动物血压，并在植物生长发育过程中增强抗逆性。提高植物体内GABA含量已成为当前研究的重点。在植物中，GABA通过两条代谢途径合成，即GABA分流途径和多胺降解途径，其中GABA分流途径是主要途径。大量研究探讨了GABA合成的调控机制。在基因水平上，GABA的产生和降解可通过基因过表达、信号分子诱导表达、转录因子调控和RNA干扰来调节。此外，在转运蛋白水平上，GABA转运体和脯氨酸转运体活性的增加可增强谷氨酸和GABA的转运。GABA合成中的关键酶谷氨酸脱羧酶的活性以及各种外部因素也会影响GABA的合成。本文综述了GABA的生物学功能、代谢途径和调控机制，为进一步研究植物中的GABA提供了理论基础。
