Wu Mengruo, Han Xiangna, Zhang Zhiguo, Wang Jiajun
Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
National Center of Archaeology, Beijing 100020, China.
Molecules. 2024 Oct 21;29(20):4971. doi: 10.3390/molecules29204971.
Organosilicon materials have shown potential as dehydration agents for waterlogged wooden artifacts. These materials can polymerize under normal conditions to form polymers with favorable mechanical strength, antibacterial properties, and aging resistance. However, the insolubility of most organosilicon hindered their penetration into waterlogged wood, which may lead to an unwanted cracking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH) with low viscosity and moderate reactivity for dehydrating waterlogged wooden artifacts from the shipwreck. Four surfactants ((3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), alkyl polyoxyethylene ether (APEO), tri-methylstearylammonium chloride (STAC), and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO)) and cosurfactant were employed to transform the two kinds of water-repellent silicone oils into eight groups of highly permeable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Under the catalysis of a neutral catalyst, in situ polymerization occurred within the wood cells. Group P2-2 formulated with PDMS-OH and APEO showed the best efficiency in maintaining the dimensions of the wood during dehydration. The dehydrated wood exhibited a natural color and texture with a minimal volume shrinkage rate of 1.89%. The resulting polymer adhered uniformly to the cell walls, effectively reinforcing the wood cell structure. The weight percent gain of the wood was only 218%, and the pores of the cell lumen were well maintained for future retreatment. This method effectively controlled the sol-gel reaction process of the organosilicon and prevented damage to the wooden artifact during the dehydration process. Moreover, the dehydrated wood samples only experienced a low weight gain of 17% at 95% relative humidity (RH), indicating their great environmental stability.
有机硅材料已显示出作为饱水木质文物脱水剂的潜力。这些材料在正常条件下可聚合形成具有良好机械强度、抗菌性能和抗老化性能的聚合物。然而，大多数有机硅的不溶性阻碍了它们渗透到饱水木材中，这可能导致不必要的开裂。本研究旨在评估低粘度和适度反应性的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS-OH）对沉船中饱水木质文物脱水的有效性。使用四种表面活性剂（（3-氨丙基）三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）、烷基聚氧乙烯醚（APEO）、三甲基硬脂氯化铵（STAC）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO））和助表面活性剂将两种拒水硅油转化为八组高渗透性水包油（O/W）乳液。在中性催化剂的催化下，木材细胞内发生原位聚合。用PDMS-OH和APEO配制的P2-2组在脱水过程中保持木材尺寸的效率最高。脱水后的木材呈现自然的颜色和纹理，体积收缩率最小，为1.89%。生成的聚合物均匀地附着在细胞壁上，有效地增强了木材细胞结构。木材的增重百分比仅为218%，细胞腔的孔隙得到了很好的保留，便于将来进行再处理。该方法有效地控制了有机硅的溶胶-凝胶反应过程，防止了脱水过程中对木质文物的损坏。此外，脱水后的木材样品在95%相对湿度（RH）下的增重仅为17%，表明它们具有很强的环境稳定性。
