Gioacchini Federico Maria, Re Massimo, Scarpa Alfonso, Chiarella Giuseppe, Viola Pasquale, Pisani Davide, Iannella Giannicola, Ralli Massimo, Di Stadio Arianna
Ear, Nose, and Throat Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Conca 71, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2024 Oct 18;14(10):1323. doi: 10.3390/life14101323.
The ability to analyze perilymph could allow inner ear pathologies to be studied. However, today, perilymph sampling is only performed for research purposes because of the risk of negative outcomes such as hearing loss or balance disorders. This paper aims to analyze the current literature on perilymph sampling and propose a method to collect perilymph in clinical settings. The published literature on perilymph sampling and its analyses was screened, and the results were analyzed and discussed in this mini review. Also, articles that discussed microneedle technology were reviewed and included in the analysis of the data. Based on the results of this review, we would like to propose a feasible technique to perform perilymph sampling in clinical settings. A total of eight studies analyzing perilymph were identified; data on proteomic, metabolomic and miRNA features present within human perilymph were collected and described. Two articles describing the use and auditory outcomes post microneedle drug injection into the inner ear were identified. Based on the methods for perilymph sampling described in humans and the recent innovations introduced by the use of microneedles, we suggested a feasible method to collect perilymph in the outpatient setting. The analysis of perilymph undoubtedly represents a valid instrument to fully understand inner ear diseases. A combination of traditional and innovative techniques, such as gaining access to the round window through the transcanalar approach using micro-endoscopes and microneedles to perform sampling, might simplify the sampling procedure and make it practicable in a clinical setting.
分析外淋巴的能力有助于研究内耳疾病。然而,目前,由于存在听力损失或平衡障碍等负面结果的风险,外淋巴采样仅用于研究目的。本文旨在分析当前关于外淋巴采样的文献,并提出一种在临床环境中收集外淋巴的方法。对已发表的关于外淋巴采样及其分析的文献进行筛选,并在本综述中对结果进行分析和讨论。此外,对讨论微针技术的文章进行了综述并纳入数据分析。基于本综述的结果,我们想提出一种在临床环境中进行外淋巴采样的可行技术。共确定了八项分析外淋巴的研究;收集并描述了人类外淋巴中蛋白质组学、代谢组学和微小RNA特征的数据。确定了两篇描述微针药物注射内耳后的使用情况和听觉结果的文章。基于人类外淋巴采样方法以及微针使用带来的最新创新,我们建议了一种在门诊环境中收集外淋巴的可行方法。外淋巴分析无疑是全面了解内耳疾病的有效手段。传统技术与创新技术相结合,如使用微型内窥镜通过经耳道途径进入圆窗并使用微针进行采样,可能会简化采样过程并使其在临床环境中切实可行。