The effect of storage on the ganglioside content of human platelets.

Gangliosides are glycolipids which contain sialic acid and are found in the membranes of mammalian cells. By analogy with recent studies of other cells, it is possible that gangliosides play a role in the membrane functions and in vivo survival of platelets. In order to determine if ganglioside destruction plays a role in the storage-induced loss of platelet viability and function (storage lesion), the ganglioside content of platelets was measured after 24 and 96 hours of storage. Samples were taken from platelet concentrates that were stored either on a flat-bed shaker (n = 6) or on a circular rotator (n = 6). Total ganglioside content was determined colorimetrically from the total lipid extracts of purified platelet pellets using the Svennerholm resorcinol method. Ganglioside GM3 content was determined by Folch partitioning, high performance thin-layer chromatography, and densitometric scanning. Ganglioside content, measured as microgram of lipid-bound sialic acid per 10(10) platelets, was significantly decreased (p less than 0.005) between 24 and 96 hours of storage, whether measured as total or GM3 ganglioside. The mean values +/- SEM at 24 and 96 hours of storage were 9.4 +/- 0.6 and 6.7 +/- 0.6, respectively (n = 12 for each). These data indicate that storage causes irreversible loss of membrane ganglioside, which may be detrimental to the function and in vivo survival of platelets.