Centre for Veterinary Systems Transformation and Sustainability, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Centre for Animal Nutrition and Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria.
J Anim Sci. 2024 Jan 3;102. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae321.
Changes in the gut microbial composition of the sow during lactation may influence the gut microbial colonization in their offspring, for which less information was available in the literature. This study aimed to assess: 1) the changes that occur in the bacterial and fungal communities in sow feces during the 28-d lactation period as well as in gastric and cecal digesta of piglets until one week after weaning, and 2) bacterial and fungal taxa in cecal digesta of the piglets postweaning that associate with fecal consistency. Aside from sow milk, piglets had access to creep feed from day of life (DoL) 3. Fecal samples from sows for microbial analysis were collected (n = 20) on days postpartum (DPP) 1, 6, 13, 20, and 27, as well as from weaned piglets for fecal scoring on DoL 30 and 34. Gastric and cecal digesta of piglets was collected on DoL3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 31, and 35 (n = 5/sex/DoL). Progressing lactation affected bacterial and fungal communities in sow feces, including 10.3- and 3.0-fold increases in the relative abundances of Lactobacillus from DPP1 to 6 and Kazachstania from DPP1 to 13, respectively (P < 0.001). Although time- and gut-site-related differences existed, bacterial and fungal taxa found in sow feces were also present in gastric and cecal digesta of piglets, which supports their role in gut colonization in neonatal piglets. In piglets, bacterial and fungal alpha-diversities showed certain fluctuations during the suckling period, whereby weaning affected the fungal than bacterial diversity at both gut sites (P < 0.05). At both gut sites, Lactobacillus largely increased from DoL3 to 7 and remained a dominating taxon until DoL35 (P < 0.05). Postweaning, plant-glycan fermenters (e.g., Prevotella-9) seemed to replace milk-glycan fermenting Fusobacterium and Bacteroides (P < 0.05). In gastric and cecal digesta, Kazachstania, Tausonia, Candida, and Blumeria were dominating fungi from DoL3 to 35, with Kazachstania becoming even more dominant postweaning (P < 0.001). Fecal consistency was softer on DoL34 than 30 (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis identified that softer feces were linked to the relative abundances of plant-glycan and proteolytic bacterial taxa including pathobionts (e.g., Clostridium sensu stricto) in the cecum on DoL34. However, the potential association between cecal mold and plant-pathogenic fungi Talaromyces, Mrakia, and Blumeria and softer feces are worth investigating in the future in relation to (gut) health of piglets.
哺乳期母猪肠道微生物组成的变化可能会影响其后代肠道微生物的定植，而这方面的文献报道较少。本研究旨在评估：1）母猪粪便中细菌和真菌群落在 28 天哺乳期内的变化，以及仔猪胃和盲肠内容物中细菌和真菌群落的变化，直到断奶后一周；2）断奶后仔猪盲肠内容物中与粪便稠度相关的细菌和真菌分类群。除了母猪奶外，仔猪从出生后第 3 天（DoL）开始就可以食用开食料。母猪粪便微生物分析的粪便样本（n=20）分别在产后第 1、6、13、20 和 27 天收集，以及断奶仔猪在第 30 和 34 天进行粪便评分。仔猪胃和盲肠内容物在 DoL3、7、14、21、28、31 和 35 天采集（n=5/性别/DoL）。哺乳期的进展影响了母猪粪便中的细菌和真菌群落，包括乳杆菌的相对丰度从产后第 1 天到第 6 天增加了 10.3 倍，Kazachstania 从产后第 1 天到第 13 天增加了 3.0 倍（P<0.001）。尽管存在时间和肠道部位相关的差异，但在母猪粪便中发现的细菌和真菌类群也存在于仔猪的胃和盲肠内容物中，这支持了它们在新生仔猪肠道定植中的作用。在仔猪中，在哺乳期间细菌和真菌的 α 多样性存在一定波动，断奶在两个肠道部位都影响了真菌而不是细菌的多样性（P<0.05）。在两个肠道部位，乳杆菌从 DoL3 到 7 大量增加，并一直是直到 DoL35 的主要分类群（P<0.05）。断奶后，植物聚糖发酵菌（如Prevotella-9）似乎取代了牛奶聚糖发酵菌 Fusobacterium 和 Bacteroides（P<0.05）。在胃和盲肠内容物中，Kazachstania、Tausonia、Candida 和 Blumeria 是从 DoL3 到 35 日龄的主要真菌，Kazachstania 在断奶后变得更加占优势（P<0.001）。与 DoL30 相比，DoL34 的粪便更软（P<0.05）。相关性分析表明，较软的粪便与盲肠中植物聚糖和蛋白水解细菌分类群的相对丰度有关，包括肠道病原体（如严格梭菌）（P<0.05）。然而，盲肠霉菌与植物病原真菌 Talaromyces、Mrakia 和 Blumeria 以及较软粪便之间的潜在关联值得在未来进一步研究，以了解仔猪的（肠道）健康状况。
