Department of Psychology, The New School, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2024 Dec;362:117434. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117434. Epub 2024 Oct 21.
Examinations highlighting interpersonal racism-related experiences as risk factors for substance use are well documented, particularly for alcohol use. The associations between racism-related experiences across other levels of influence (e.g., historical trauma, online, internalized) and use of other types of substances, while emerging, have yielded mixed findings. The present systematic review and meta-analyses examined the associations between multilevel racism-related experiences and different types of substances including substance use overall, alcohol, binge drinking, tobacco/nicotine, cannabis, illicit drugs, and polysubstance use among ethnoracially minoritized adolescents and emerging adults (12-29 years old). A systematic literature search and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to identify, assess quality, and bias of included articles. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled effect sizes for seven substance use outcomes and by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Out of a total of 3190 articles, 91 (N = 190,065 participants) met inclusion criteria, 79 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The studies included were predominantly cross-sectional, school-based samples, and focused on Black individuals. Most examined interpersonal racism and few examined online and historical forms of racism. Meta-analyses demonstrated a significant positive association, with a small pooled effect size, between racism-related experiences and each substance use outcome. Moderations by age, sex, and race/ethnicity were found. Racism-related experiences are a risk factor for substance use among ethnoracially minoritized adolescents and emerging adults. Interventions addressing racism-related experiences across multiple dimensions are critical for the prevention and treatment of substance use among ethnoracially minoritized communities.
大量文献强调了人际交往中的种族主义相关经历是物质使用的风险因素，尤其是酒精使用。虽然种族相关经历与其他层次的影响（如历史创伤、网络、内化）之间的关联以及其他类型物质的使用正在逐渐浮现，但结果却喜忧参半。本系统评价和荟萃分析检查了多层次种族相关经历与不同类型物质（包括总体物质使用、酒精、狂饮、烟草/尼古丁、大麻、非法药物和多物质使用）之间的关联，这些物质在少数族裔青少年和新兴成年人（12-29 岁）中使用。通过系统文献搜索和纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS），我们确定了纳入文章的质量和偏倚，并对其进行了评估。随机效应荟萃分析估计了七种物质使用结果的汇总效应大小，并按年龄、性别和种族/族裔进行了分类。在总共 3190 篇文章中，有 91 篇（N=190065 名参与者）符合纳入标准，其中 79 篇纳入荟萃分析。这些研究主要是横断面研究，基于学校的样本，且重点关注黑人。大多数研究考察了人际交往中的种族主义，而很少研究网络和历史形式的种族主义。荟萃分析表明，种族相关经历与每种物质使用结果之间存在显著正相关，且汇总效应较小。还发现了年龄、性别和种族/族裔的调节作用。种族相关经历是少数族裔青少年和新兴成年人物质使用的风险因素。针对多种维度的种族相关经历进行干预对于预防和治疗少数族裔社区的物质使用至关重要。
