Napp Clotilde
CNRS, UMR7088, Paris, France.
Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2024 Oct 27:1461672241286084. doi: 10.1177/01461672241286084.
Using data from Project Implicit collected between 2005 and 2020, comprising 1,489,721 observations in 111 countries, we find that implicit and explicit gender stereotypes about career and family are more pronounced in more economically developed countries. Besides, these gender stereotypes are strongly correlated at the country level with gender differences in values (such as family values), self-reported personality traits (such as agreeableness or dependence), and occupational preferences (such as health-related occupations), and may account for the fact that these gender imbalances are "paradoxically" stronger in more economically developed countries (the so-called "gender equality paradox").In line with social role theory, our findings suggest that there are in developed countries strong gender stereotypes about career and family, which may at least partly explain the persistence or even the "paradoxical worsening" of a number of gender differences in these countries, despite generally high levels of gender equality in other areas.
利用2005年至2020年期间从“内隐项目”收集的数据，这些数据涵盖了111个国家的1489721份观察结果，我们发现，在经济更发达的国家，关于职业和家庭的内隐和外显性别刻板印象更为明显。此外，这些性别刻板印象在国家层面与价值观（如家庭价值观）、自我报告的人格特质（如宜人性或依赖性）以及职业偏好（如与健康相关的职业）方面的性别差异密切相关，这或许可以解释为何在经济更发达的国家，这些性别失衡“反常地”更为严重（即所谓的“性别平等悖论”）。与社会角色理论一致，我们的研究结果表明，在发达国家存在着关于职业和家庭的强烈性别刻板印象，这可能至少部分解释了尽管这些国家在其他领域的性别平等程度普遍较高，但一些性别差异仍持续存在甚至“反常地恶化”的现象。
