Kaur Manpreet, Aran Khadga Raj, Paswan Raju
Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2024 Dec;241(12):2409-2430. doi: 10.1007/s00213-024-06708-4. Epub 2024 Oct 27.
Neurological conditions like Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) often include inflammatory responses in the nervous system. Stroke, linked to high disability and mortality rates, poses challenges related to organ-related complications. Recent focus on understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke includes aspects like cellular excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell death mechanisms, and neuroinflammation.
The objective of this paper is to summarize and explore the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, elucidates the gut-brain axis mechanism, and discusses recent clinical trials, shedding light on novel treatments and future possibilities.
Changes in gut architecture and microbiota contribute to dementia by enhancing intestinal permeability, activating the immune system, elevating proinflammatory mediators, altering blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and ultimately leading to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The gut-brain axis's potential role in disease pathophysiology offers new avenues for cell-based regenerative medicine in treating neurological conditions.
In conclusion, the gut microbiome significantly impacts stroke prognosis by highlighting the role of the gut-brain axis in ischemic stroke mechanisms. This insight suggests potential therapeutic strategies for improving outcomes.
中风和阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经系统疾病通常包括神经系统的炎症反应。中风与高致残率和死亡率相关，带来了与器官相关并发症有关的挑战。最近对缺血性中风病理生理学的关注包括细胞兴奋性毒性、氧化应激、细胞死亡机制和神经炎症等方面。
本文的目的是总结和探讨缺血性中风的病理生理学，阐明肠-脑轴机制，并讨论近期的临床试验，以揭示新的治疗方法和未来的可能性。
肠道结构和微生物群的变化通过增强肠道通透性、激活免疫系统、升高促炎介质、改变血脑屏障（BBB）通透性，最终导致神经退行性疾病（NDDs），从而促成痴呆。肠-脑轴在疾病病理生理学中的潜在作用为基于细胞的再生医学治疗神经系统疾病提供了新途径。
总之，肠道微生物群通过突出肠-脑轴在缺血性中风机制中的作用，对中风预后有显著影响。这一见解提示了改善预后的潜在治疗策略。
