Gerber Rémi, Piscart Christophe, Roussel Jean-Marc, Bergerot Benjamin
University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO UMR 6553, F-35042 Rennes, France.
DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, Institut Agro, IFREMER, Rennes, France.
Curr Zool. 2023 Nov 8;70(5):607-617. doi: 10.1093/cz/zoad047. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Flight is a key feature of the reproduction and dispersal of emerging aquatic insects. However, morphological measurements of insect flight are mostly available for terrestrial taxa and dragonflies, while aquatic insects have been poorly investigated. We analyzed 7 flight-related morphological parameters of 32 taxa belonging to 5 orders of emerging aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Diptera, and Megaloptera) with different life history traits related to flight (dispersal strategy, voltinism, adult lifespan, and swarming behavior). After correcting for allometry, we used an a priorifree approach to cluster the individuals according to their flight-related morphology. Then, we explored the levels of agreement between these clusters, taxonomy, and several life history traits of the taxa. All orders were scattered among several clusters, suggesting a large range of flight capacities, particularly for Diptera. We found swarming taxa in each cluster, showing that morphological adaptations to swarming are not identical in all aquatic insects. The clusters did not match the expected dispersal capacity of the taxa as derived from the literature or databases. Heavy wide-winged insects notably gathered taxa traditionally described as good or weak dispersers. Flight capacities based on morphology partly matched with the taxonomy and life-history traits of aquatic insect imagoes. Other parameters such as flight propensity, energy stores, and wing kinematics should help refine their flying and dispersal capacity.
飞行是新兴水生昆虫繁殖和扩散的一个关键特征。然而，昆虫飞行的形态测量大多适用于陆生类群和蜻蜓，而水生昆虫则很少受到研究。我们分析了属于5个新兴水生昆虫目（蜉蝣目、毛翅目、襀翅目、双翅目和广翅目）的32个类群的7个与飞行相关的形态参数，这些类群具有与飞行相关的不同生活史特征（扩散策略、化性、成虫寿命和群聚行为）。在对异速生长进行校正后，我们采用一种无先验的方法，根据它们与飞行相关的形态对个体进行聚类。然后，我们探讨了这些聚类、分类学以及类群的几个生活史特征之间的一致性水平。所有目都分散在几个聚类中，这表明飞行能力范围很广，尤其是双翅目。我们在每个聚类中都发现了群聚类群，这表明在所有水生昆虫中，对群聚的形态适应并不相同。这些聚类与从文献或数据库中得出的类群预期扩散能力不匹配。重且宽翅的昆虫显著地聚集了传统上被描述为扩散能力强或弱的类群。基于形态的飞行能力部分与水生昆虫成虫的分类学和生活史特征相匹配。其他参数，如飞行倾向、能量储备和翅运动学，应有助于完善它们的飞行和扩散能力。
