OpenASO: RNA Rescue - designing splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotides through community science.

Splice-modulating antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are precision RNA-based drugs that are becoming an established modality to treat human disease. Previously, we reported the discovery of ASOs that target a novel, putative intronic RNA structure to rescue splicing of multiple pathogenic variants of exon 16 that cause hemophilia A. However, the conventional approach to discovering splice-modulating ASOs is both laborious and expensive. Here, we describe an alternative paradigm that integrates data-driven RNA structure prediction and community science to discover splice-modulating ASOs. Using a splicing-deficient pathogenic variant of exon 16 as a model, we show that 25% of the top-scoring molecules designed in the Eterna OpenASO challenge have a statistically significant impact on enhancing exon 16 splicing. Additionally, we show that a distinct combination of ASOs designed by Eterna players can additively enhance the inclusion of the splicing-deficient exon 16 variant. Together, our data suggests that crowdsourcing designs from a community of citizen scientists may accelerate the discovery of splice-modulating ASOs with potential to treat human disease.