Swaney Mary Hannah, Steidl Olivia Rae, Tackett Anastasia, Fye Samantha, Lee Kristine E, Ong Irene M, Bendixsen Casper, Spicer Gretchen, DeLine James, Gern James E, Lucey John, Seroogy Christine M, Kalan Lindsay, Singh Anne Marie
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
bioRxiv. 2024 Oct 14:2024.10.14.618271. doi: 10.1101/2024.10.14.618271.
Prenatal and early life farm exposure, and breastfeeding, are associated with protection from allergic diseases. We hypothesize that farm exposure influences the human breast milk microbiome and immune proteins. The immune protein profiles and microbial communities of 152 human breast milk samples were compared among three maternal farm exposure groups (traditional agrarian, farm, and non-farm) in rural Wisconsin to identify signatures associated with farm status and atopic disease. We found significant differences between farm groups for 23 immune proteins (p-adj<0.05), microbiome diversity (p=2.2E-05), and microbiome richness (p=8.0e-06). Traditional agrarian human breast milk had the highest immune protein levels and microbiome diversity and richness, followed by farm and non-farm human breast milk. Furthermore, Gram-positive bacterial species correlated with IL-23 mediated signaling events (p-adj<1.0E-05). These data suggest that increased farm exposures promotes human breast milk that is more microbially-diverse and rich in immune-associated proteins, ultimately influencing immune development in the infant.
产前及生命早期接触农场环境和母乳喂养与预防过敏性疾病有关。我们推测，接触农场环境会影响人乳微生物群和免疫蛋白。在威斯康星州农村地区的三个母亲农场接触组（传统农业组、农场组和非农场组）中，对152份人乳样本的免疫蛋白谱和微生物群落进行了比较，以确定与农场状态和特应性疾病相关的特征。我们发现，农场组之间在23种免疫蛋白（p值校正<0.05）、微生物群多样性（p=2.2×10⁻⁵）和微生物群丰富度（p=8.0×10⁻⁶）方面存在显著差异。传统农业组的人乳免疫蛋白水平最高，微生物群多样性和丰富度也最高，其次是农场组和非农场组的人乳。此外，革兰氏阳性细菌种类与IL-23介导的信号事件相关（p值校正<1.0×10⁻⁵）。这些数据表明，增加农场接触会促进人乳微生物多样性更高且富含免疫相关蛋白，最终影响婴儿的免疫发育。
