Alrasheed Saif H, Challa Naveen K
Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Binocular Vision, Faculty of Optometry and Visual Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2023 Jul 24;38(3):243-251. doi: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_47_23. eCollection 2024 Jul-Sep.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide the available data on the prevalence of childhood hyperopia in the eastern Mediterranean region (EMR).
The study used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 2020. The articles were searched in six online databases (Web of Sciences, Scopus, Index Medicus for the EMR, ProQuest, PubMed, and Medline). For studies published on the prevalence of hyperopia in the EMR from January 2000 to May 2022. The reviewed data were grouped by age, gender, and refractive measurement technique, hyperopia was defined as refractive error ≥2.00 diopter.
The final meta-analysis contained 27 quality-assessed studies from 12 countries, covering 51, 987 children. The overall pooled prevalence of childhood hyperopia from 2000 to 2022 is 6.33% in EMR. The hyperopia prevalence was slightly higher among females at 4.34%, compared to males at 4.21%. The prevalence of hyperopia in younger children (5-10 years) was higher at 5.72%, and lower in older aged (11-17) years at 3.23%; = 0.001. Furthermore, there was a higher hyperopia prevalence with cycloplegic refraction at 7.35% compared with noncycloplegic refraction at 3.93%. There was highly significant heterogeneity between the studies ( < 0.0001).
The prevalence of hyperopia among children in the EMR was high compared to other regions, particularly in younger children. More studies are required using standardized methods in different regions where there is a lack of information on hyperopia prevalence. Early interventions are essential to be implemented in the EMR to protect future adults from the development of strabismus and amblyopia.
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在提供东地中海地区（EMR）儿童远视患病率的现有数据。
本研究采用了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（2020年版）。在六个在线数据库（科学网、Scopus、EMR医学索引、ProQuest、PubMed和Medline）中检索文章。检索2000年1月至2022年5月发表的关于EMR地区远视患病率的研究。所审查的数据按年龄、性别和屈光测量技术进行分组，远视定义为屈光不正≥2.00屈光度。
最终的荟萃分析纳入了来自12个国家的27项质量评估研究，涵盖51987名儿童。2000年至2022年EMR地区儿童远视的总体合并患病率为6.33%。女性远视患病率略高于男性，分别为4.34%和4.21%。年幼儿童（5 - 10岁）的远视患病率较高，为5.72%，而年长儿童（11 - 17岁）的患病率较低，为3.23%；P = 0.001。此外，睫状肌麻痹验光法测得的远视患病率较高，为7.35%，而非睫状肌麻痹验光法测得的患病率为3.93%。研究之间存在高度显著的异质性（I² < 0.0001）。
与其他地区相比，EMR地区儿童远视患病率较高，尤其是年幼儿童。在缺乏远视患病率信息的不同地区，需要采用标准化方法进行更多研究。在EMR地区实施早期干预对于防止未来成年人发生斜视和弱视至关重要。
