Tian Yu Meng, Zhang Wei Sen, Jiang Chao Qiang, Zhu Feng, Jin Ya Li, Yeung Shiu Lun Au, Wang Jiao, Cheng Kar Keung, Lam Tai Hing, Xu Lin
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Greater Bay Area Public Health Research Collaboration, Guangzhou, China.
Diabetes Metab J. 2025 Jan;49(1):60-79. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2024.0117. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
The association of changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cognitive function remains unclear. We explored this association using prospective and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.
MetS components including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and triglycerides were measured at baseline and two follow-ups, constructing a MetS index. Immediate, delayed memory recall, and cognitive function along with its dimensions were assessed by immediate 10- word recall test (IWRT) and delayed 10-word recall test (DWRT), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE), respectively, at baseline and follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect model was used. Additionally, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS was conducted and one-sample MR was performed to assess the causality between MetS and cognitive function.
Elevated MetS index was associated with decreasing annual change rates (decrease) in DWRT and MMSE scores, and with decreases in attention, calculation and recall dimensions. HDL-C was positively associated with an increase in DWRT scores, while SBP and FPG were negatively associated. HDL-C showed a positive association, whereas WC was negatively associated with increases in MMSE scores, including attention, calculation and recall dimensions. Interaction analysis indicated that the association of MetS index on cognitive decline was predominantly observed in low family income group. The GWAS of MetS identified some genetic variants. MR results showed a non-significant causality between MetS and decrease in DWRT, IWRT, nor MMSE scores.
Our study indicated a significant association of MetS and its components with declines in memory and cognitive function, especially in delayed memory recall.
代谢综合征（MetS）变化与认知功能之间的关联尚不清楚。我们通过前瞻性和孟德尔随机化（MR）研究来探究这种关联。
在基线和两次随访时测量MetS的组成部分，包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、收缩压（SBP）、腰围（WC）、空腹血糖（FPG）和甘油三酯，构建MetS指数。在基线和随访时，分别通过即时10词回忆测试（IWRT）、延迟10词回忆测试（DWRT）以及简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评估即时、延迟记忆回忆和认知功能及其维度。使用线性混合效应模型。此外，进行了MetS的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）并进行单样本MR以评估MetS与认知功能之间的因果关系。
MetS指数升高与DWRT和MMSE评分的年变化率下降相关，且与注意力、计算和回忆维度的下降相关。HDL-C与DWRT评分增加呈正相关，而SBP和FPG呈负相关。HDL-C显示出正相关，而WC与MMSE评分增加呈负相关，包括注意力、计算和回忆维度。交互分析表明，MetS指数与认知衰退的关联主要在低家庭收入组中观察到。MetS的GWAS确定了一些基因变异。MR结果显示MetS与DWRT、IWRT或MMSE评分下降之间无显著因果关系。
我们的研究表明MetS及其组成部分与记忆和认知功能下降显著相关，尤其是在延迟记忆回忆方面。
