Hilton Brooke C, Sabbagh Mark A
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Child Dev. 2025 Mar-Apr;96(2):881-890. doi: 10.1111/cdev.14190. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
This study investigated 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 64, 37 girls, 62.5% White, data collected between 2021-2022) ability to use probabilistic information gleaned through active search to appropriately change or maintain expectations. In an online fishing game, children first learned that one of two ponds was good for catching fish. During a subsequent testing phase, children searched the ponds for fish. Half saw outcomes that were probabilistically consistent with training, and the other half saw outcomes that were probabilistically inconsistent. Children in the Inconsistent condition adapted their search strategies, showing evidence of changing their expectations. Those in the Consistent condition maintained their initial search strategy. Trial-by-trial analyses suggested that children used a combination of heuristic and information integration strategies to guide their search behavior.
本研究调查了3至5岁儿童（N = 64，37名女孩，62.5%为白人，数据收集于2021年至2022年之间）利用通过主动搜索收集的概率信息来适当地改变或维持预期的能力。在一个在线钓鱼游戏中，孩子们首先了解到两个池塘中有一个适合捕鱼。在随后的测试阶段，孩子们在池塘中捕鱼。一半孩子看到的结果在概率上与训练一致，另一半孩子看到的结果在概率上不一致。处于不一致条件下的孩子调整了他们的搜索策略，显示出改变预期的迹象。处于一致条件下的孩子维持了他们最初的搜索策略。逐次试验分析表明，孩子们使用启发式和信息整合策略的组合来指导他们的搜索行为。
