认知需求与前交叉韧带损伤相关生物力学指标之间的关系：一项系统综述。
Relationship between Cognitive Demands and Biomechanical Indicators Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review.
作者信息
Jiménez-Martínez Jesús, Gutiérrez-Capote Alejandro, Alarcón-López Francisco, Leicht Anthony, Cárdenas-Vélez David
机构信息
Faculty of Sports Science, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain.
Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), 18007, Granada, Spain.
出版信息
Sports Med. 2025 Jan;55(1):145-165. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02124-y. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
BACKGROUND
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during contact sports has a high incidence that has not been reduced despite the immense resources devoted to understanding its aetiology. A neurocognitive approach could increase knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to ACL injury enabling practitioners to address and minimise future risk.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the influence of manipulating cognitive demands during motor tasks (i.e. degree of uncertainty) on biomechanical variables associated with ACL injury risk.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by searching the major sporting electronic databases. The search strategy included four groups of terms and was conducted by two authors independently. All studies were screened using unique inclusion criteria, with the included studies assessed for risk of bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-five studies were identified from 2031 records and included into the review process. During the experimental conditions where cognitive demands were higher, most biomechanical indicators associated with a greater risk of ACL injury during landing and cutting tasks were significantly enhanced compared with conditions with low or no cognitive demands.
CONCLUSIONS
An increase in task complexity through cognitive load significantly leads to changes in mechanisms associated with ACL injury during single-leg landings and cutting movements. Consequently, coaches and exercise professionals should consider inclusion of dual-task paradigms or uncertainty during injury risk assessment scenarios and injury prevention programs to help identify athletes at risk of ACL injury and reduce ACL injury frequency.
REGISTRATION
This protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ) in May 2022, with the registration number CRD42022315795.
背景
接触性运动中前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的发生率很高，尽管投入了大量资源来了解其病因，但这一发生率并未降低。一种神经认知方法可以增加对导致ACL损伤机制的认识，使从业者能够应对并尽量减少未来的风险。
目的
系统评价在运动任务中操纵认知需求（即不确定程度）对与ACL损伤风险相关的生物力学变量的影响。
方法
根据《Cochrane系统评价干预措施手册》进行系统评价，检索主要的体育电子数据库。检索策略包括四组术语，由两位作者独立进行。所有研究均根据独特的纳入标准进行筛选，对纳入的研究进行偏倚风险评估。
结果
从2031条记录中识别出25项研究并纳入综述过程。在认知需求较高的实验条件下，与着陆和切入任务中ACL损伤风险较高相关的大多数生物力学指标，与认知需求较低或无认知需求的条件相比，均显著增强。
结论
通过认知负荷增加任务复杂性，会显著导致单腿着陆和切入动作中与ACL损伤相关的机制发生变化。因此，教练和运动专业人员应在损伤风险评估场景和损伤预防计划中考虑纳入双任务范式或不确定性，以帮助识别有ACL损伤风险的运动员，并降低ACL损伤发生率。
注册情况
本方案于2022年5月在PROSPERO数据库（https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO）中注册，注册号为CRD42022315795。
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