Exercise Science and Neuroscience Unit, Department Exercise and Health, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Sports Health. 2022 Jul-Aug;14(4):549-555. doi: 10.1177/19417381211029265. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
Only 55% of the athletes return to competitive sports after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Athletes younger than 25 years who return to sports have a second injury rate of 23%. There may be a mismatch between rehabilitation contents and the demands an athlete faces after returning to sports. Current return-to-sports (RTS) tests utilize closed and predictable motor skills; however, demands on the field are different. Neurocognitive functions are essential to manage dynamic sport situations and may fluctuate after peripheral injuries. Most RTS and rehabilitation paradigms appear to lack this aspect, which might be linked to increased risk of second injury.
This systematic and scoping review aims to map existing evidence about neurocognitive and neurophysiological functions in athletes, which could be linked to ACL injury in an integrated fashion and bring an extensive perspective to assessment and rehabilitation approaches.
PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between 2005 and 2020 using the keywords , , , , , , , and .
Studies investigating either neurocognitive or neurophysiological functions in athletes and linking these to ACL injury regardless of their design and technique were included.
Systematic review.
Level 3.
The demographic, temporal, neurological, and behavioral data revealing possible injury-related aspects were extracted and summarized.
A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Deficits in different neurocognitive domains and changes in neurophysiological functions could be a predisposing risk factor for, or a consequence caused by, ACL injuries.
Clinicians should view ACL injuries not only as a musculoskeletal but also as a neural lesion with neurocognitive and neurophysiological aspects. Rehabilitation and RTS paradigms should consider these changes for assessment and interventions after injury.
仅有 55%的前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤运动员能够重返竞技运动。25 岁以下重返运动的运动员再次受伤的概率为 23%。康复内容与运动员重返运动后面临的需求之间可能存在不匹配。目前的重返运动（RTS）测试利用了封闭且可预测的运动技能；然而，运动场上的需求却不同。神经认知功能对于管理动态运动情况至关重要，并且在周围神经损伤后可能会波动。大多数 RTS 和康复模式似乎都缺乏这一方面，这可能与再次受伤的风险增加有关。
本系统和范围性综述旨在绘制现有的关于运动员神经认知和神经生理功能的证据图谱，这些证据可以以综合的方式与 ACL 损伤联系起来，并为评估和康复方法提供广泛的视角。
使用关键词“前交叉韧带”“神经认知”“神经生理”“运动员”“评估”“康复”，在 PubMed 和 Cochrane 数据库中搜索了 2005 年至 2020 年间发表的相关研究。
纳入了无论设计和技术如何，均调查运动员神经认知或神经生理功能并将这些功能与 ACL 损伤联系起来的研究。
系统综述。
3 级。
提取并总结了揭示可能与损伤相关的方面的人口统计学、时间、神经学和行为数据。
本综述共纳入了 16 项研究。不同神经认知领域的缺陷和神经生理功能的变化可能是 ACL 损伤的易患风险因素，或是 ACL 损伤导致的结果。
临床医生不应仅将 ACL 损伤视为肌肉骨骼损伤，还应将其视为具有神经认知和神经生理方面的神经损伤。康复和 RTS 模式应考虑这些变化，以便在受伤后进行评估和干预。
