Albany Medical College, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York.
Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina.
J Surg Educ. 2024 Dec;81(12):103307. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.103307. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Physicians, residents, and medical students consistently report higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, and suicide compared to the general population. Emotional intelligence is a trait 1 possesses that has been shown to have associations with aspects of mental health specifically in the medical field. It has also been studied in business literature demonstrating multiple performance benefits. The purpose of this review is to investigate the relationship of emotional intelligence and mental health and well-being, clinical performance, and academic success with physicians, residents, and medical students.
A systematic review was conducted of studies investigating the associations of emotional intelligence on physicians, residents, or medical students between 2013 and 2023. Studies investigating the association of empathy within the study population were also included. Studies must have used a validated measure or reported a reliable method of measuring emotional intelligence or empathy.
Thirty-nine articles were included. The trait emotional intelligence questionnaire short form was the most frequently used assessment tool (28%). Mental health and well-being was the most common study outcome (67%). Twenty articles reported lower levels of burnout in those with higher emotional intelligence levels. (p < 0.05). Other protective associations of emotional intelligence included decreased levels of anxiety, stress, and depression (p < 0.05). Emotional intelligence was associated with multiple clinical performance metrics including patient satisfaction, perceived communication ratings, patient information recall, and improved decision making under operational stress (p < 0.05).
Emotional intelligence has beneficial associations for physicians at all levels of training. Those entering with higher levels of emotional intelligence may be better suited to handle the psychological effects described within the healthcare field. Emotional intelligence can also be improved through training. Using emotional intelligence as part of a holistic screening process may help predict and enhance the success of doctors, residents, and medical students, which can contribute to improving the healthcare system.
与普通人群相比，医生、住院医师和医学生报告的压力、焦虑、抑郁、倦怠和自杀水平始终更高。情绪智力是一个人所拥有的特质，已被证明与心理健康的各个方面（特别是在医学领域）有关。它也在商业文献中进行了研究，展示了多种绩效优势。本综述的目的是调查情绪智力与医生、住院医师和医学生的心理健康和幸福感、临床绩效和学业成功之间的关系。
对 2013 年至 2023 年间调查情绪智力与医生、住院医师或医学生之间关联的研究进行了系统综述。还包括了调查研究人群中同理心的研究。研究必须使用经过验证的量表或报告可靠的方法来衡量情绪智力或同理心。
共纳入 39 篇文章。特质情绪智力问卷短表是最常用的评估工具（28%）。心理健康和幸福感是最常见的研究结果（67%）。有 20 篇文章报告称，情绪智力水平较高的人倦怠程度较低（p < 0.05）。情绪智力的其他保护相关性包括焦虑、压力和抑郁水平降低（p < 0.05）。情绪智力与多个临床绩效指标相关，包括患者满意度、感知沟通评分、患者信息回忆和在操作压力下改善决策（p < 0.05）。
情绪智力与各级培训的医生都有有益的关联。那些具有较高情绪智力的人可能更适合应对医疗保健领域中描述的心理影响。情绪智力也可以通过培训来提高。将情绪智力作为整体筛选过程的一部分，可能有助于预测和增强医生、住院医师和医学生的成功，从而有助于改善医疗保健系统。
