Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 10;955:177228. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177228. Epub 2024 Oct 31.
This study explores the behavior of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in different species within marine ecosystems and their potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The concentrations of OPEs were analyzed in marine species (krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica), jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca), European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), European squid (Loligo vulgaris), fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)) from different trophic levels, to understand their distribution and contamination profiles. The study provides insights into the metabolism of OPEs and their biomagnification on species occupying higher trophic levels. The results show that the differences in OPE concentrations among species are influenced by contamination levels at sampling points, as well as species and trophic level characteristics. The study reveals that the sum of OPEs do not exhibit significant biomagnification within the marine food web, with higher trophic level species showing efficient metabolism of these contaminants. However, biomagnification analysis of individual compounds demonstrates that some OPEs, such as tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), and tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (T2IPPP) consistently exhibit biomagnification within marine trophic webs, while other show different behaviors depending on the trophic web. The loggerhead turtle shows higher biomagnification for specific OPEs, indicating the influence of diet and direct plastic waste consumption. Furthermore, OPEs prone to metabolism, such as tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP) and TBOEP, are present in multiple species across different trophic levels, suggesting a tendency for bioaccumulation. The study highlights the complexity of OPE behavior and the need to evaluate the biomagnification potential of each compound individually. It also emphasizes the toxic effects associated with OPE exposure and the potential risks to organisms within marine ecosystems.
本研究探讨了海洋生态系统中不同物种内有机磷酸酯（OPEs）的行为及其生物累积和生物放大的潜力。分析了海洋物种（磷虾（Meganyctiphanes norvegica）、水母（Pelagia noctiluca）、欧洲沙丁鱼（Sardina pilchardus）、欧洲鯷鱼（Engraulis encrasicolus）、欧洲无须鳕（Merluccius merluccius）、红海龟（Caretta caretta）、欧洲鱿鱼（Loligo vulgaris）、长须鲸（Balaenoptera physalus）和条纹海豚（Stenella coeruleoalba））中 OPE 的浓度，以了解它们的分布和污染状况。该研究提供了有关 OPE 代谢及其在占据较高营养级别的物种中生物放大的见解。结果表明，物种间 OPE 浓度的差异受采样点的污染水平以及物种和营养级特征的影响。该研究表明，海洋食物网中 OPE 的总和没有表现出明显的生物放大，较高营养级别的物种对这些污染物表现出有效的代谢。然而，对个别化合物的生物放大分析表明，一些 OPEs，如三（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯（TEP）、三（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBOEP）和三（2-异丙基苯基）磷酸酯（T2IPPP），在海洋营养网中始终表现出生物放大，而其他则根据营养网表现出不同的行为。红海龟对特定的 OPE 表现出更高的生物放大，表明饮食和直接塑料废物消耗的影响。此外，倾向于代谢的 OPE，如三正丁基磷酸酯（TNBP）和 TBOEP，存在于不同营养级别的多种物种中，表明有生物累积的趋势。该研究强调了 OPE 行为的复杂性，需要单独评估每种化合物的生物放大潜力。它还强调了与 OPE 暴露相关的毒性影响以及对海洋生态系统中生物体的潜在风险。
