Liu Zaoqu, Zuo Lulu, Zhou Zhaokai, Liu Shutong, Ba Yuhao, Zuo Anning, Ren Yuqing, Zhang Chuhan, Chen Yukang, Ma Hongxuan, Xu Yudi, Luo Peng, Cheng Quan, Xu Hui, Zhang Yuyuan, Weng Siyuan, Han Xinwei
Department of Interventional Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.
Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.
MedComm (2020). 2024 Oct 28;5(11):e777. doi: 10.1002/mco2.777. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Tumor immunotherapy has significantly transformed the field of oncology over the past decade. An optimal tumor immunotherapy would ideally elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses within tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Unfortunately, immune system experiences functional decline with chronological age, a process termed "immunosenescence," which contributes to impaired immune responses against pathogens, suboptimal vaccination outcomes, and heightened vulnerability to various diseases, including cancer. In this context, we will elucidate hallmarks and molecular mechanisms underlying immunosenescence, detailing alterations in immunosenescence at molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels. The role of immunosenescence in tumorigenesis and senescence-related extracellular matrix (ECM) has also been addressed. Recognizing that immunosenescence is a dynamic process influenced by various factors, we will evaluate treatment strategies targeting hallmarks and molecular mechanisms, as well as methods for immune cell, organ restoration, and present emerging approaches in immunosenescence for tumor immunotherapy. The overarching goal of immunosenescence research is to prevent tumor development, recurrence, and metastasis, ultimately improving patient prognosis. Our review aims to reveal latest advancements and prospective directions in the field of immunosenescence research, offering a theoretical basis for development of practical anti-immunosenescence and anti-tumor strategies.
在过去十年中，肿瘤免疫疗法显著改变了肿瘤学领域。理想的肿瘤免疫疗法应能在肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）中引发强大的先天性和适应性免疫反应。不幸的是，免疫系统会随着 chronological age 出现功能衰退，这一过程被称为“免疫衰老”，它会导致针对病原体的免疫反应受损、疫苗接种效果欠佳以及对包括癌症在内的各种疾病的易感性增加。在此背景下，我们将阐明免疫衰老的特征和分子机制，详细介绍在分子、细胞、器官和疾病水平上免疫衰老的变化。免疫衰老在肿瘤发生和衰老相关细胞外基质（ECM）中的作用也已得到探讨。认识到免疫衰老是一个受多种因素影响的动态过程，我们将评估针对这些特征和分子机制的治疗策略，以及免疫细胞、器官恢复的方法，并介绍免疫衰老在肿瘤免疫疗法中的新兴方法。免疫衰老研究的总体目标是预防肿瘤的发生、复发和转移，最终改善患者预后。我们的综述旨在揭示免疫衰老研究领域的最新进展和未来方向，为开发实用的抗免疫衰老和抗肿瘤策略提供理论依据。
