Bariod Léa, Saïd Sonia, Calenge Clément, Scheifler Renaud, Fritsch Clémentine, Peroz Carole, Benabed Slimania, Bidault Hervé, Chabot Stéphane, Débias François, Duhayer Jeanne, Pardonnet Sylvia, Poirel Marie-Thérèse, Revelli Paul, Vuarin Pauline, Bourgoin Gilles
Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup - Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Vétérinaire Marcy-L'Etoile France.
Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Villeurbanne France.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Oct 29;14(10):e11613. doi: 10.1002/ece3.11613. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Low levels of essential mineral elements such as cobalt, copper, and iron, in organisms reduce immune function, increasing the chances of parasitic infection. This phenomenon has been demonstrated widely in domestic animals but rarely in wildlife. In this study, we used data from 7- to 9-month-old roe deer (), living in two different populations facing contrasting environmental conditions (Trois-Fontaines and Chizé), to investigate whether the parasitic and immunological statuses could be related to essential element status. Between 2016 and 2019, we collected feces to measure parasite burdens (gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes), blood to measure immunological parameters (globulins and white blood cells), and hair to assess the concentration of 11 essential elements (calcium [Ca], chromium [Cr], cobalt [Co], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], potassium [K], molybdenum [Mo], selenium [Se], and zinc [Zn]). The results showed first heterogeneity in the individual phenotypes of the two populations. Roe deer with low body mass had high concentrations of all the essential elements (in particular, Ca, Fe, Cu, K, and Mn), a high parasitic burden, and high concentrations of globulins. An association between high concentrations of essential elements and a high parasite burden was found at the two study sites despite markedly different environmental conditions. A relationship between essential element concentrations and immune parameters was also detected, with more basophils and globulins being associated with high concentrations of essential trace elements (i.e., Ca, Fe, Cu, and, to a lesser extent, Se, Cr, and Zn). These results suggest that young individuals with low body mass and high parasitism may select feeding resources rich in mineral elements, which may improve their ability to control the infestation and/or mitigate the negative consequences of parasites by maintaining immune system functions.
生物体内钴、铜和铁等必需矿物质元素水平较低会降低免疫功能，增加寄生虫感染的几率。这种现象在家畜中已得到广泛证实，但在野生动物中却很少见。在本研究中，我们利用来自生活在两种不同环境条件（特鲁瓦丰泰讷和希泽）下的7至9个月大狍的数据，调查寄生虫和免疫状态是否可能与必需元素状态相关。在2016年至2019年期间，我们收集粪便以测量寄生虫负荷（胃肠道和肺部线虫），采集血液以测量免疫参数（球蛋白和白细胞），并采集毛发以评估11种必需元素（钙[Ca]、铬[Cr]、钴[Co]、铜[Cu]、铁[Fe]、镁[Mg]、锰[Mn]、钾[K]、钼[Mo]、硒[Se]和锌[Zn]）的浓度。结果首先显示了两个种群个体表型的异质性。体重较低的狍所有必需元素（特别是钙、铁、铜、钾和锰）的浓度较高，寄生虫负荷较高，球蛋白浓度也较高。尽管环境条件明显不同，但在两个研究地点都发现必需元素高浓度与高寄生虫负荷之间存在关联。还检测到必需元素浓度与免疫参数之间的关系，更多的嗜碱性粒细胞和球蛋白与必需微量元素（即钙、铁、铜，以及程度较轻的硒、铬和锌）的高浓度有关。这些结果表明，体重较低且寄生虫感染率高的幼体可能会选择富含矿物质元素的食物资源，这可能会通过维持免疫系统功能来提高它们控制感染和/或减轻寄生虫负面影响的能力。
