Rahbari Shahgol, Sharifi Seyed Davood, Salehi Abdolreza, Pahlavan Sara, Honarbakhsh Shirin
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran.
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104387. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104387. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on blood biochemical parameters, histological changes in pulmonary artery, cardiomyocytes, and liver, as well as the expression of ACACA, PFK1, and ET-1 genes in broiler chickens under environmental stress (high stoking density). A total of 420 one-day-old male Ross broilers were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements, with 2 levels of environmental stress (without and with stress; 9 and 17 birds/m, respectively) and 2 levels of omega-3 fatty acids (low and high; 0.057 and 0.5% of the diet, respectively) in a completely randomized design comprising 4 treatments and 5 replicates per each. The body weight decreased at d 40 because of environmental stress (P ≤ 0.05). The ascites heart index (AHI) in broilers fed high omega-3 fatty acids diets was lower (P = 0.062) than broiler fed low omega-3 fatty acids diet (0.279 vs. 0.316). Stressed birds showed a higher neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio compared to non-stressed birds (P ≤ 0.05). Broiler chickens receiving high omega-3 fatty acids diets exhibited elevated levels of hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), and lymphocytes (P ≤ 0.05). The neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio, and serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased in broilers fed high omega-3 fatty acids diets (P ≤ 0.05). In stressed broilers on a high omega-3 diet, pulmonary artery wall thickness decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, under stress, myocardial cell diameter, hepatocyte and cell nucleus diameter significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05). Stressed broilers showed an increased relative fold change in PFK1 enzyme activity but reduced ET-1 mRNA expression in the liver compared to stressed birds on a high omega-3 diet (P ≤0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to alleviate the adverse histological changes in the pulmonary artery, cardiomyocytes, and liver, while also modulating the expression of genes ACACA, PFK1, and ET-1 that are influenced by environmental stress in broiler chickens.
本研究的目的是调查ω-3脂肪酸对环境应激（高饲养密度）下肉鸡血液生化参数、肺动脉、心肌细胞和肝脏组织学变化，以及ACACA、PFK1和ET-1基因表达的影响。总共420只1日龄雄性罗斯肉鸡采用2×2析因设计，有2个环境应激水平（无应激和有应激；分别为每平方米9只和17只）和2个ω-3脂肪酸水平（低和高；分别为日粮的0.057%和0.5%），共4种处理，每种处理5个重复。由于环境应激，40日龄时体重下降（P≤0.05）。饲喂高ω-3脂肪酸日粮的肉鸡腹水心脏指数（AHI）低于饲喂低ω-3脂肪酸日粮的肉鸡（P = 0.062，分别为0.279和0.316）。与无应激的肉鸡相比，有应激的肉鸡中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值更高（P≤0.05）。采食高ω-3脂肪酸日粮的肉鸡红细胞压积（HCT）、血红蛋白（HGB）和淋巴细胞水平升高（P≤0.05）。采食高ω-3脂肪酸日粮的肉鸡中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值以及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）浓度降低（P≤0.05）。在高ω-3日粮的有应激肉鸡中，肺动脉壁厚度降低（P≤0.0）。此外，在应激状态下，心肌细胞直径、肝细胞和细胞核直径显著增加（P≤0.05）。与高ω-3日粮的有应激肉鸡相比，有应激的肉鸡肝脏中PFK1酶活性相对倍数变化增加，但ET-1 mRNA表达降低（P≤0.05）。总之，结果表明日粮中的ω-3脂肪酸有可能减轻肺动脉、心肌细胞和肝脏的不良组织学变化，同时调节受环境应激影响的ACACA、PFK1和ET-1基因的表达。
