Association among Gestational Weight Gain, Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides, and Breast Milk Microbiota─An Evidence in Healthy Mothers from Northwest China.

This study investigates the relationship among maternal secretor status, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and the composition of breastmilk microbiota in a cohort of healthy mothers from Shaanxi province, China. The results demonstrated that 78.9% of the mothers were secretors, exhibiting an active fucosyltransferase 2 gene () and producing α-1,2 fucosylated HMOs, which significantly affected the HMO profile. Secretor mothers had higher levels of 2'-FL and LNFPI in contrast to nonsecretors who displayed high levels of 3'-FL, LNFPII, and LNT. Furthermore, secretor mothers exhibited greater diversity in HMOs compared with nonsecretors, although no significant differences were observed in the breast milk microbiota composition. A correlation was identified between specific HMOs (2'-FL, 3'-FL, 6'-SL, and LNFPI) and the microbiota composition. Notably, mothers with normal weight gain during pregnancy demonstrated higher microbial diversity, with increased abundance of beneficial genera such as , , and . These findings contribute to the development of potential guidelines for providing personalized nutrition.