School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA.
School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA.
Chemosphere. 2024 Nov;367:143648. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143648. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
Phosphorus (P) removal from water and recovery into useable forms is a critical component of creating a sustainable P cycle, although mature technologies for P removal and recovery are still lacking. The goal of this paper was to advance the testing of novel materials for P removal and recovery from water by providing guidance on the development of more realistic aqueous matrices used during materials development. Literature reports of "new" materials to remove P from water are often difficult to compare in terms of performance because authors use a myriad of water chemistries containing P concentrations, pH, and competing ions. Moreover, many tests are conducted in simplified matrices that do not reflect conditions in real systems. To address this critical gap, the research herein developed a systematic approach of identifying aqueous matrices relevant to P recovery, including key components in the aqueous matrices having the greatest influence on the mechanisms of P removal with emphasis on phosphate precipitation and phosphate adsorption, and providing guidelines on relevant "recipes" for aqueous solutions for testing novel materials. Key components in the aqueous matrices included hydrogen ion (i.e., pH), multivalent metal cations, and dissolved organic matter due to their influence on phosphate precipitation and adsorption mechanisms. Recipes for buffer solution and synthetic groundwater, surface water, anaerobic digestate, and stored urine are discussed in the context of P removal and recovery processes. Wherein the adoption of standard matrices in other fields have permitted direct comparison of processes or materials, it is anticipated that adoption of relevant aqueous matrix recipes for P removal and recovery will improve the ability to directly compare novel materials and processes.
从水中去除磷并将其回收为可用形式是建立可持续磷循环的关键组成部分，尽管成熟的除磷和回收技术仍然缺乏。本文的目的是通过提供关于在材料开发过程中使用更现实的水基矩阵的开发指南，推进用于从水中去除和回收磷的新型材料的测试。由于作者使用了含有磷浓度、pH 值和竞争离子的各种水化学物质，因此从水中去除磷的“新型”材料的文献报道通常难以在性能方面进行比较。此外，许多测试都是在简化的基质中进行的，这些基质不能反映实际系统中的条件。为了解决这一关键差距，本研究开发了一种系统的方法来确定与磷回收相关的水基矩阵，包括对磷去除机制具有最大影响的水基矩阵中的关键成分，重点是磷酸盐沉淀和磷酸盐吸附，并提供了关于用于测试新型材料的相关水溶液的“配方”指南。由于其对磷酸盐沉淀和吸附机制的影响，水基矩阵中的关键成分包括氢离子（即 pH 值）、多价金属阳离子和溶解的有机物。本文讨论了用于测试磷酸盐去除和回收过程的缓冲溶液和合成地下水、地表水、厌氧消化物和储存尿液的配方。在其他领域采用标准矩阵已经允许对工艺或材料进行直接比较，预计采用相关的除磷和回收水基矩阵配方将提高直接比较新型材料和工艺的能力。
