Withaferin a modulation of microglia autophagy mitigates neuroinflammation and enhances cognitive function in POCD.

With the aging process of the global population and the development of medical technology, the cases of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are also increasing. Due to the complexity of the pathogenesis, urgent treatment has been sought. Neuroinflammation induced by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in microglia has been closely watched in recent years and is also considered to be an important cause of nerve damage. Our study found that derived from Withania somnifera, Withaferin A (WA) could reduce the accumulation of LDs in the hippocampus of POCD mice, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and improve the cognitive ability of mice. Further in vitro experimental studies showed that WA increased the autophagy level of microglia, promoted the degradation of LDs, and reduced the production of inflammatory factors. In this regard, our comprehensive research endeavor holds the potential to furnish novel insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing POCD and its associated neural impairments.