Georgakopoulou Vasiliki Epameinondas, Taskou Chrysoula, Spandidos Demetrios A, Diamanti Athina
Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece.
Exp Ther Med. 2024 Oct 11;28(6):454. doi: 10.3892/etm.2024.12744. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, poses unique challenges in pregnancy, impacting both maternal and fetal health. Of note, 8-13% of pregnant women suffer from asthma, a condition that can worsen, stabilize, or improve during pregnancy. These fluctuations necessitate a nuanced management strategy to ensure the health of both the mother and fetus. Adverse outcomes, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and increased cesarean delivery rates are associated with poorly controlled asthma. From a fetal perspective, the risks include preterm birth and a low birth weight. Physiological changes in pregnancy, such as an increased tidal volume and altered drug metabolism due to increased blood volume, complicate the management of asthma. The safety of asthma medications during pregnancy remains a significant concern, with ongoing research into their teratogenic effects. Recent advancements in treatment include the development of biologics and the increased use of personalized medicine, integrating pharmacogenomics and immunological profiling to tailor treatments to individual needs. Digital health tools have also emerged, enabling improved patient monitoring and management. The present review highlights the complex interplay between asthma management and pregnancy outcomes, advocating for comprehensive care approaches that consider the dynamic physiological changes during pregnancy. It underscores the need for ongoing research into the safety of medication and innovative therapeutic strategies to improve health outcomes for pregnant women with asthma and their babies.
哮喘是一种常见的慢性呼吸道疾病,在孕期带来了独特的挑战,对母婴健康均产生影响。值得注意的是,8%至13%的孕妇患有哮喘,这种疾病在孕期可能会恶化、稳定或改善。这些波动需要细致入微的管理策略,以确保母亲和胎儿的健康。不良后果,如先兆子痫、妊娠期糖尿病和剖宫产率增加,都与哮喘控制不佳有关。从胎儿的角度来看,风险包括早产和低出生体重。孕期的生理变化,如潮气量增加以及由于血容量增加导致药物代谢改变,使哮喘的管理变得复杂。孕期哮喘药物的安全性仍然是一个重大问题,目前正在对其致畸作用进行研究。治疗方面的最新进展包括生物制剂的开发以及个性化医疗的更多应用,即将药物基因组学和免疫分析相结合,根据个体需求定制治疗方案。数字健康工具也已出现,有助于改善患者监测和管理。本综述强调了哮喘管理与妊娠结局之间的复杂相互作用,提倡采取综合护理方法,考虑孕期动态的生理变化。它强调了持续研究药物安全性和创新治疗策略的必要性,以改善患有哮喘的孕妇及其婴儿的健康结局。