Cai Qiuliang, Zou Yi, Zhong Ning, Jia Guikang
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mango Biology, School of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, College of Baise, Baise, Guangxi, China.
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Oct 15;15:1471682. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1471682. eCollection 2024.
Stress in plants denotes the detrimental impact of alterations in external environmental conditions on regular plant growth and development. Plants employ diverse mechanisms to mitigate or evade nutritional stress-induced damage. In order to investigate the physiological response mechanism of plants to nutritional stress and assess its impact on soil nutrient content and antioxidant enzyme activity in rice, a field experiment was conducted applying five treatments: control, nitrogen (N) deficiency, phosphorus (P) deficiency, potassium (K) deficiency, and full fertilization. Rice leaf and soil samples were concurrently gathered during both the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of rice. Analysis was conducted on soil N, P, and K levels, as well as leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, to investigate the impact of nutrient stress on rice antioxidant enzymes and soil fertility. The research findings indicate that full fertilization treatment enhanced the agronomic properties of the soil compared to the control treatment. In the N-deficiency treatment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased by 16.53-33.89% during the reproductive growth period compared to the vegetative growth period. The peroxidase (POD) activity decreased by 41.39% and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased by 36.22% under K-deficiency treatment during the reproductive growth period compared to the vegetative growth period. Consequently, applying N and P fertilizer during the vegetative growth period can decrease membrane lipid peroxidation levels by 7.34-72.53%. The full fertilization treatment markedly enhanced rice yield compared to other treatments and increased the Nitrogen activation coefficient (NAC) and Phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) in the soil, while decreasing the PAC. Elevating NAC levels can stimulate the activity or content of PRO, MDA, and RPS during the vegetative growth stage, whereas in the reproductive growth stage, it will decrease the content of ROS, PRO, and MDA. This data offers valuable insights and theoretical support for nutritional stress research.
植物胁迫是指外部环境条件的改变对植物正常生长和发育产生的不利影响。植物采用多种机制来减轻或规避营养胁迫造成的损害。为了研究植物对营养胁迫的生理响应机制，并评估其对水稻土壤养分含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响，进行了一项田间试验，设置了五种处理：对照、氮（N）缺乏、磷（P）缺乏、钾（K）缺乏和全施肥。在水稻营养生长和生殖生长阶段同时采集水稻叶片和土壤样本。对土壤氮、磷、钾水平以及叶片抗氧化酶活性进行分析，以研究营养胁迫对水稻抗氧化酶和土壤肥力的影响。研究结果表明，与对照处理相比，全施肥处理提高了土壤的农艺性状。在缺氮处理中，生殖生长期间活性氧（ROS）水平比营养生长期间增加了16.53 - 33.89%。在缺钾处理下，生殖生长期间过氧化物酶（POD）活性比营养生长期间下降了41.39%，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增加了36.22%。因此，在营养生长阶段施用氮和磷肥可使膜脂过氧化水平降低7.34 - 72.53%。与其他处理相比，全施肥处理显著提高了水稻产量，并提高了土壤中的氮活化系数（NAC）和磷活化系数（PAC），同时降低了钾活化系数（PAC）。提高NAC水平可在营养生长阶段刺激脯氨酸（PRO）、丙二醛（MDA）和核糖核酸酶（RPS）的活性或含量，而在生殖生长阶段，它会降低ROS、PRO和MDA的含量。这些数据为营养胁迫研究提供了有价值的见解和理论支持。
