Ali Gauhar, Zeb Alam, Usman Muhammad, Al-Babili Salim
Department of Biotechnology University of Malakand Chakdara Pakistan.
Bioactive Lab, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Food Security King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Sep 2;12(10):8340-8352. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4405. eCollection 2024 Oct.
A high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the main causes of obesity and metabolic diseases. The liver is particularly affected by HFD causing metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease. Therefore, different strategies are used to mitigate the negative effects of HFD. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of walnut extract against HFD-induced toxicity in mice. The mice were fed HFD and walnut extract alone or in combination. The walnut extract was analyzed for composition using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Serum lipid profile; liver histology; hepatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH); inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α; and phospholipids were determined. Results showed that phenolic acids, epicatechin, catechin, benzaldehyde, and juglone were the main constituents in the extract. The HFD group showed increased hepatic fat accumulation as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological examinations compared to the control animals. The HFD group mice also showed increased body and cardiac weights, modified lipid profiles, decreased antioxidant status, and increased levels of hepatic inflammatory markers. The weights of the body and heart, lipid profiles, antioxidant contents (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, TBARS, and GSH), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were all normalized by consuming walnut extract. Similarly, the HFD group had significantly high amounts of hepatic lipase, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid levels, which were improved by walnut extract. In conclusion, walnut extract has been shown to play a unique role in promoting the recovery of liver damage caused by a high-fat diet.
高脂饮食（HFD）是肥胖和代谢性疾病的主要原因之一。肝脏尤其会受到高脂饮食的影响，导致与脂肪肝疾病相关的代谢功能障碍。因此，人们采用了不同的策略来减轻高脂饮食的负面影响。本研究旨在评估核桃提取物对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠毒性的保护作用。给小鼠单独或联合喂食高脂饮食和核桃提取物。使用带二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱法（HPLC-DAD）和带质谱的超高效液相色谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS）分析核桃提取物的成分。测定血清脂质谱、肝脏组织学、肝脏抗氧化剂如过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、脂质过氧化（TBARS）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、炎症标志物如白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）以及磷脂。结果表明，酚酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素、苯甲醛和胡桃醌是提取物中的主要成分。与对照动物相比，生化和组织病理学检查表明高脂饮食组肝脏脂肪堆积增加。高脂饮食组小鼠还表现出体重和心脏重量增加、脂质谱改变、抗氧化状态降低以及肝脏炎症标志物水平升高。通过食用核桃提取物，体重、心脏重量、脂质谱、抗氧化剂含量（CAT、SOD、GSH-Px、TBARS和GSH）以及促炎细胞因子（IL-6和TNF-α）均恢复正常。同样，高脂饮食组肝脏脂肪酶、磷脂和溶血磷脂水平显著升高，而核桃提取物可改善这些指标。总之，核桃提取物已被证明在促进高脂饮食引起的肝损伤恢复方面发挥独特作用。
