Liu Jiali, Liu Jiying, Wang Yaxin, Chen Fangman, He Yan, Xie Xiaochun, Zhong Yiling, Yang Chao
Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511442, China.
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Biomaterials. 2025 Apr;315:122919. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122919. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
Immunotherapy is initially envisioned as a powerful approach to train immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and lymphoid tissues to elicit strong anti-tumor responses. However, clinical cancer immunotherapy still faces challenges, such as limited immunogenicity and insufficient immune response. Leveraging the advantages of mesoporous silica (MS) materials in controllable drug and immunomodulator release, recent efforts have focused on engineering MS with intrinsic immunoregulatory functions to promote robust, systemic, and safe anti-tumor responses. This review discusses advances in bioactive MS materials that address the challenges of immunotherapy. Beyond their role in on-demand delivery and drug release in response to the TME, we highlight the intrinsic functions of bioactive MS in orchestrating localized immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells, modulating immune cell activity, and facilitating tumor-immune cell interactions. Additionally, we emphasize the advantages of bioactive MS in recruiting and activating immune cells within lymphoid tissues to initiate anti-tumor vaccination. The review also covers the challenges of MS-assisted immunotherapy, potential solutions, and future outlooks. With a deeper understanding of material-bio interactions, the rational design of MS with sophisticated bioactivities and controllable responsiveness holds great promise for enhancing the outcomes of personalized immunotherapy.
免疫疗法最初被设想为一种强大的方法，用于训练肿瘤微环境（TME）和淋巴组织中的免疫细胞，以引发强烈的抗肿瘤反应。然而，临床癌症免疫疗法仍然面临挑战，例如免疫原性有限和免疫反应不足。利用介孔二氧化硅（MS）材料在可控药物和免疫调节剂释放方面的优势，最近的研究致力于设计具有内在免疫调节功能的MS，以促进强大、全身性和安全的抗肿瘤反应。本综述讨论了生物活性MS材料在应对免疫疗法挑战方面的进展。除了它们在响应TME进行按需递送和药物释放中的作用外，我们还强调了生物活性MS通过诱导肿瘤细胞发生免疫原性细胞死亡、调节免疫细胞活性以及促进肿瘤与免疫细胞相互作用来协调局部免疫反应的内在功能。此外，我们强调了生物活性MS在招募和激活淋巴组织内的免疫细胞以启动抗肿瘤疫苗接种方面的优势。该综述还涵盖了MS辅助免疫疗法的挑战、潜在解决方案和未来展望。随着对材料 - 生物相互作用的更深入理解，合理设计具有复杂生物活性和可控反应性的MS对于提高个性化免疫疗法的效果具有巨大潜力。
