Azevedo Lais Sampaio de, Silva Vanessa Cristina Martins, Guiducci Raquel, Guadagnucci Simone, Costa Fernanda Faria, Ghani Monique Beerens Abdul, Lopes Ricardo Duarte, da Costa Antonio Charlys, Cunha Lia, Lemos Marcilio Figueredo, Parise Adriana, Moreira Regina Célia, Luchs Adriana
Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Provet Medicina Veterinária Diagnóstica, São Paulo, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2024 Dec;260:107449. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107449. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Recent increases in zoonotic diseases underscore the integration of companion animals into urban environments, posing complex transmission risks and highlighting the necessity of One Health approaches. Respiratory and enteric viruses have been consistently linked to interspecies transmission between humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the circulation of human noroviruses (NoV), human adenoviruses (HAdV), enteroviruses (EV), parechoviruses (PeV-A), human bocaviruses (HBoV), hepatitis A (HAV) and E viruses (HEV), Influenza A and B viruses (Flu A/B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 in domestic dogs and cats in Brazil to understand potential zooanthroponosis risks. Between 2012 and 2021, 600 fecal samples from dogs and cats (516 and 84, respectively) were collected at small animal clinics in São Paulo state, Brazil. The specimens underwent in-house qPCR screening for HBoV and HAdV, while EV, PeV-A, NoV, and HEV were tested using in-house RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2, Flu A/B, and RSV were investigated with a commercial RT-qPCR kit assay. HAV detection utilized conventional nested (RT)-PCR. Positive samples were sequenced for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis. NoV was detected in 0.2 % (1/600) of the animals, while all other investigated viruses tested negative. The NoV-positive sample, collected in 2012 from a pet dog, was identified as genotype GII.4_Sydney[P31]. The Dog/BRA/2012/GII.4_Sydney[P31]/IAL-M21 strain exhibited a close genetic relationship to Brazilian human and environmental NoV GII.4_Sydney[P31] strains, with 98.1-99.2 % nucleotide similarity in ORF1 and 99.2-99.6 % in ORF2 sequences, suggesting interspecies transmission. Pet dogs are frequently exposed to human fecal-borne viruses, highlighting the potential for zooanthroponotic transmission due to their close interaction with humans in shared environments. There is an urgent need to enhance surveillance studies in companion animals to better understand the implications of detecting human NoV strains in pets, as NoV could potentially act as a reverse zoonotic disease in households, animal hospitals, or shelters worldwide.
近年来人畜共患疾病的增加凸显了伴侣动物融入城市环境的情况，带来了复杂的传播风险，并突出了“同一健康”方法的必要性。呼吸道和肠道病毒一直与人类和动物之间的跨物种传播有关。本研究旨在评估巴西家犬和家猫中人类诺如病毒（NoV）、人类腺病毒（HAdV）、肠道病毒（EV）、副肠道病毒（PeV-A）、人类博卡病毒（HBoV）、甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）和戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）、甲型和乙型流感病毒（Flu A/B）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的传播情况，以了解潜在的人畜共患病风险。2012年至2021年期间，在巴西圣保罗州的小动物诊所收集了600份犬猫粪便样本（分别为516份和84份）。对样本进行了内部实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）筛查HBoV和HAdV，同时使用内部逆转录实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测EV、PeV-A、NoV和HEV。使用商业RT-qPCR试剂盒检测SARS-CoV-2、Flu A/B和RSV。HAV检测采用传统巢式（RT）-PCR。对阳性样本进行测序以进行分子特征分析和系统发育分析。在0.2%（1/600）的动物中检测到NoV，而所有其他调查的病毒检测均为阴性。2012年从一只宠物狗身上采集的NoV阳性样本被鉴定为GII.4_Sydney[P31]基因型。Dog/BRA/2012/GII.4_Sydney[P31]/IAL-M21毒株与巴西人类和环境中的NoV GII.4_Sydney[P31]毒株表现出密切的遗传关系，在开放阅读框1（ORF1）中的核苷酸相似性为98.1-99.2%，在ORF2序列中的相似性为99.2-99.6%，表明存在跨物种传播。宠物狗经常接触人类粪便传播的病毒，这凸显了由于它们在共享环境中与人类密切互动而导致人畜共患病传播的可能性。迫切需要加强对伴侣动物的监测研究，以更好地了解在宠物中检测到人类NoV毒株的影响，因为NoV有可能在全球范围内的家庭、动物医院或收容所中成为一种反向人畜共患疾病。
