Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuzhong City People's Hospital, Wuzhong, 751100, Ningxia, China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 31;24(1):1225. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09922-9.
Anthrax is a global health concern, with cutaneous anthrax accounting for over 95% of cases and generally promising outcomes. Nonetheless, the absence of timely intervention can result in mortality rates of 10-40%. This research aims to explore the clinical presentations and phenotypic characteristics of cutaneous anthrax patients and evaluate the efficacy of various therapeutic approaches.
A retrospective study was performed on 76 cutaneous anthrax patients identified at three hospitals from 2017 to 2022. Patients were categorized based on their hospital stay into two groups: those hospitalized for at least seven days and those for shorter durations. We assessed their clinical and phenotypic profiles, including symptoms, general health status, and laboratory findings, alongside treatment outcomes, focusing on corticosteroids therapy and antibiotic regimens.
The study encompassed 76 diagnosed individuals, predominantly young adult males (78.9%). A significant gender disparity was noted. Hormonal treatment markedly improved edema regression in patients (P < 0.002), highlighting its therapeutic value. The impact of various antibiotic treatments on disease progression differed significantly based on corticosteroids treatment status, with specific combinations showing more effectiveness in non-corticosteroids-treated patients.
The predominance of young male adults among cutaneous anthrax cases was observed, with corticosteroids treatment significantly reducing edema duration. In cases where corticosteroids therapy is not utilized, employing piperacillin-tazobactam alone or in combination with quinolones effectively shortens the illness duration, suggesting a tailored approach to treatment can enhance patient outcomes.
炭疽是一个全球性的健康问题，其中皮肤炭疽占 95%以上，一般预后良好。然而，如果不能及时干预，死亡率可能会达到 10-40%。本研究旨在探讨皮肤炭疽患者的临床表现和表型特征，并评估各种治疗方法的疗效。
对 2017 年至 2022 年间在三家医院确诊的 76 例皮肤炭疽患者进行回顾性研究。根据住院时间将患者分为两组：住院至少 7 天和住院时间较短的患者。我们评估了他们的临床和表型特征，包括症状、一般健康状况和实验室检查结果，以及治疗结果，重点关注皮质类固醇治疗和抗生素方案。
本研究共纳入 76 例确诊患者，主要为年轻成年男性（78.9%）。研究发现患者存在明显的性别差异。激素治疗显著改善了患者的水肿消退（P<0.002），显示出其治疗价值。不同抗生素治疗对疾病进展的影响因皮质类固醇治疗状态而异，特定组合在未接受皮质类固醇治疗的患者中显示出更高的疗效。
皮肤炭疽病例中年轻成年男性占主导地位，皮质类固醇治疗显著缩短了水肿持续时间。在未使用皮质类固醇治疗的情况下，单独使用哌拉西林他唑巴坦或联合使用喹诺酮类药物可有效缩短病程，表明个体化治疗方法可以改善患者的预后。
