Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 17;15:1378111. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378111. eCollection 2024.
The pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The discovery of 21 unique TLR variations in various aquatic animals over the past several years has sparked interest in using TLRs to improve aquatic animal's immune response and disease resistance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the latest investigations on the various characteristics of TLRs in aquatic animals. It emphasizes their categorization, insights into 3D architecture, ligand recognition, signaling pathways, TLRs mediated immune responses under biotic and abiotic stressors, and expression variations during several developmental stages. It also highlights the differences among aquatic animals' TLRs and their mammal counterparts, which signifies the unique roles that TLRs play in aquatic animal's immune systems. This article summarizes current aquaculture research to enhance our understanding of fish immune systems for effective aquaculture -related disease management.
模式识别受体（PRR）驱动先天免疫，保护宿主免受入侵性病原体的侵害。鱼类和其他水生物种的适应性免疫发育不良，主要依赖于先天免疫，由 PRR 如遗传性编码的 Toll 样受体（TLR）调节。在过去几年中，在各种水生动物中发现了 21 种独特的 TLR 变异，这引起了人们对利用 TLR 来改善水生动物的免疫反应和疾病抵抗力的兴趣。本综述全面概述了 TLR 在水生动物中的各种特性的最新研究。它强调了它们的分类、对 3D 结构、配体识别、信号通路的深入了解，以及在生物和非生物胁迫下 TLR 介导的免疫反应，以及在几个发育阶段的表达变化。它还强调了水生动物 TLR 与哺乳动物 TLR 之间的差异，这表明 TLR 在水生动物免疫系统中发挥着独特的作用。本文总结了当前水产养殖研究，以增强我们对鱼类免疫系统的理解，从而有效管理水产养殖相关疾病。
